In order to fully understand contents and degrees of the various ancient human activities in the Yangshao culture period, soil samples were collected from different functional areas (housing foundation, living quarters, urn coffin, pottery kiln) and soil profile not disturbed by ancient human activities (natural profile in short) in the Yangshao Village site for analysis of chromaticity, magnetic susceptibility, particle size composition, free iron, total mineral content and soil micromorphology. By comparing the findings with the natural profile data, it was learnt how much ancient human activities affected the soil. Results show that among the four functional areas, the housing foundation area is the highest in clay content and P content and relatively higher in CaO content and had various ingredients added into the lime layer as the analysis of soil micromorphology indicates; the living quarters is the highest in content of carbon dust content, which exists along a certain direction; the urn-coffin area is the highest in χ_fd, and the highest in content of free iron and ionization degree of the iron; and the pottery kiln area is the highest in χ_lf relatively higher in content of P and has soil that had been calcinated under high temperature ion as analysis of micromorphology indicates. The conclusion shows that, ancient people chose on purpose clay and calcium carbonate sand to pave the ground. Long term residence produced a large amount of phosphorus. Ancient people cooked food, producing a lot of carbon dust in the living area. After burial of the dead with urn, decaying of the corpses facilitated growth of animals and microorganisms, which in turn helped formation of soil fine particles and soil development. In calcinating pots, they might probably used domestic waste as fuel.