有机磷与土壤矿物相互作用及其环境效应研究进展
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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200201)、国家自然科学基金项目(41603100)


Progress in Researches on Interactions between Organic Phosphates and Soil Minerals and Their Environmental Impacts
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National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFD0200201) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41603100)

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    摘要:

    土壤有机磷是土壤环境中重要的磷组分,其在环境中的界面反应影响着磷素的迁移、转化、生物有效性以及环境行为。本文主要总结了土壤中典型有机磷在矿物表面的吸附-解吸、溶解-沉淀等反应特性和微观机制,以及有机磷-矿物相互作用对有机磷形态、金属离子界面反应行为,以及矿物胶体化学稳定性与溶解转化的影响等环境效应。土壤有机磷可含多个磷酸基团,相对分子质量大,电荷密度高,通过界面反应与环境矿物发生强烈的相互作用,并影响矿物的电荷性质、共存金属离子的吸附特性、以及胶体化学稳定性。有机磷界面反应特性和机制受矿物类型和结晶度、有机磷相对分子质量、pH、温度和共存离子等因素的影响。有机磷在矿物表面的吸附密度一般随着体系pH、矿物结晶度和有机磷相对分子质量的升高而降低。有机磷一般可在矿物表面形成内圈络合物,某些情况下还存在氢键作用,甚至转化形成表面沉淀。有机磷和金属离子在矿物表面的吸附一般存在协同效应(尤其是在低pH条件下),即金属离子促进了有机磷的吸附,有机磷也促进金属离子的固定;吸附机制因反应体系而异,主要包括形成三元表面络合物和表面沉淀等,多数时候存在多种机制的共同作用。最后讨论了环境中有机磷与矿物相互作用的主要研究热点和方向。

    Abstract:

    Soil organic phosphate (OP) is an important fraction of phosphorus in the soil environment. Its reactions in interfaces of the environment affects transport, transformation, bioavailability and environmental behaviors of phosphorus. This paper is a review that summarizes (1) reaction characteristics of adsorption-desorption and dissolution-precipitation of typical OPs on the surface of soil minerals and their microscopic mechanisms, and (2) environmental impacts, i.e., effects of the interaction between OPs and soil minerals on the speciation of OPs, interfacial reactions of metal ions, and colloidal chemical stability and dissolution-transfomation of the minerals. Soil OPs generally contain multiple phosphate groups and have large relative molecular mass and high charge density. OPs could interact strongly with environmental minerals through interfacial reactions, which affects the charge properties of minerals, adsorption characteristics of co-existing metal ions, and colloidal chemical stability of minerals. Interfacial reactons of OPs and their mechanisms are affected by a number of factors, such as type and crystallinity of the mineral, relative molecular mass of OP, pH, temperature, and coexisting ions. Sorption density of OP on the surface of minerals generally decreases with increasing pH of the system, crystallinity of minerals, and relative molecular mass of OP. OPs may generally form inner-sphere complexes (hydrogen bonding interactions also plays a role in some cases) on the surfaces of minerals, and surface complexes can even transform to surface precipitates. The adsorption of OP and metal ions on mineral surface generally has certain synergistic effects, especially under low pH conditions, i.e., metal ions promote the adsorption of OP and vice versa; adsorption mechanisms vary with reaction system, including mainly formation of ternary surface complexes and surface precipitates, and in most cases simultaneously involve multiple ones. In the end of the paper, discussion is conducted on main research hotspots and directions for future researches related to interaction between OP and minerals in the environment.

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严玉鹏,王小明,刘 凡,冯雄汉.有机磷与土壤矿物相互作用及其环境效应研究进展[J].土壤学报,2019,56(6):1290-1299. DOI:10.11766/trxb201811100553 YAN Yupeng, WANG Xiaoming, LIU Fan, FENG Xionghan. Progress in Researches on Interactions between Organic Phosphates and Soil Minerals and Their Environmental Impacts[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2019,56(6):1290-1299.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-11-10
  • 最后修改日期:2019-03-01
  • 录用日期:2019-06-26
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-08-27
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