长期施肥下红壤旱地解钾菌变化及其驱动因子
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国家自然科学基金项目(41671301,41371293),国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300901)和中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(161032019035,161032019020)资助


Variation of Potassium-Solubilizing Bacteria in Red Soil under Long-Term Fertilization and Its Driving Factors
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Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41671301 and 41371293), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFD0300901) and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution of China (Nos.161032019035 and 161032019020)

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    摘要:

    在南方红壤区,研究长期施肥下土壤解钾菌的变化规律及其驱动因素,可为该地区土壤钾素资源管理和钾肥合理施用提供理论依据。基于红壤旱地长期定位施肥试验(始于1986年),选取不施肥(CK)、施氮磷肥(NP)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)和氮磷钾肥配施有机肥(NPKM)处理,分析玉米开花期根际土壤的解钾菌类型和解钾能力及其有机酸和激素含量,并结合玉米根系特性和根际土壤理化性质进一步探讨影响红壤旱地解钾菌变化的关键因子。结果表明:施肥(NP、NPK和NPKM)处理的根长、根表面积和根体积均显著高于CK处理,土壤有机质、非交换性钾和交换性钾也表现出施肥处理显著高于不施肥的规律,且NPKM处理显著高于其他施肥处理。与NPK处理相比,NPKM处理的根长、根表面积、根直径和根体积分别增加了112.3%、174.4%、32.43%和291.5%,根际土壤pH提高了0.67个单位,土壤有机质、非交换性钾和交换性钾分别增加了29.50%、19.34%和53.89%。各施肥处理根际土壤中均存在解钾菌,CK和NP处理的解钾菌均为类芽孢杆菌属,NPK和NPKM处理则均为纤维菌属。与CK处理相比,NP、NPK和NPKM处理下根际土壤解钾菌的解钾效率分别增加了162.4%、139.0%和105.6%,其中NP处理解钾菌的解钾效率最高。偏最小二乘路径模型的结果显示,根系和施肥可以同时调控解钾菌的解钾效率。冗余分析(RDA)进一步表明,根系长度和表面积与土壤解钾菌特性呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。因此,红壤旱地长期不同施肥措施不仅直接影响玉米根系发育特征和根际土壤理化性质,还能显著改变土壤解钾菌群落及其解钾能力,其中根系长度和表面积是调控玉米根际土壤中解钾菌的关键因子。

    Abstract:

    【Objective】 It is very important to study how soil K-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) vary and its driving factors in the red soil of South China under long-term fertilization, so as to lay down a certain theoretical basis for management of soil potassium (K) resources and rational application of K fertilizer in the region. 【Method】 Based on a long-term fertilization field experiment in red soil that started in 1986, which was designed to have four treatments, that is CK (no-fertilization), NP (nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers applied), NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers applied), NPKM (NPK fertilizers plus organic manure). Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of the maize plants in the plots of the treatments during their florescence for analysis of strains of K-dissolving bacteria and their K-dissolving abilities and organic acids and hormones contents, and for exploration of key factors affecting KSB in upland red soils in relation to properties of the maize root system and physico-chemical properties of the rhizosphere soils. 【Result】Results show that Treatments NP, NPK and NPKM were significantly higher than CK in root length, root surface area and root volume, and so in content of soil organic matter, non-exchangeable K and exchangeable K. Treatment NPKM was the most significant in the effect and 112.3%, 174.4%, 32.43% and 291.5% higher than Treatment NPK in root length, root surface area, root diameter and root volume, respectively; and 0.67 unit, 29.50%, 19.34% and 53.89% higher in pH and content of soil organic matter, Non-exchangeable and exchangeable K, respectively, in rhizosphere soil. KSBs were found in the rhizosphere soils of all the treatments. The KSBs in CK and Treatment NP were of Paenibacillus, while those in Treatments NPK and NPKM were of Cellulosimicrobium. Compared with CK, Treatment NP, NPK and NPKM was 162.4%, 139.0% and 105.6%, respectively, higher in K-dissolving efficiency, showing obviously that Treatment NP was the highest. Moreover, analysis with the the partial least squares path model shows that root and fertilization are that two factors that regulate simultaneously KSB K-dissolving efficiency. Furthermore, redundancy analysis shows that soil KSB characteristics are closely and positively related to root length and root surface area (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 In the upland red soil, long-term fertilization can not only affect development of the maize root system and physico-chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil, but also alter soil KSB communities and their K-dissolving abilities. Within the root system, root length and root surface area are the two key factors regulating KSB in the rhizosphere soil of maize.

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柳开楼,黄 晶,韩天富,黄庆海,余喜初,李大明,胡惠文,叶会财,胡志华,张会民.长期施肥下红壤旱地解钾菌变化及其驱动因子[J].土壤学报,2020,57(1):183-194. DOI:10.11766/trxb201903070649 LIU Kailou, HUANG Jing, HAN Tianfu, HUANG Qinghai, YU Xichu, LI Daming, HU Huiwen, YE Huicai, HU Zhihua, ZHANG Huimin. Variation of Potassium-Solubilizing Bacteria in Red Soil under Long-Term Fertilization and Its Driving Factors[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2020,57(1):183-194.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-12-29
  • 最后修改日期:2019-05-10
  • 录用日期:2019-06-03
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-11-07
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