A fertilization field experiment on Brassica napus L., Sanxiayou 5 in cultivar was conducted. The experiment aimed to study effects of special slow-release fertilizer and conventional fertilizer on biomass and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) uptake and utilization of canola, and nutrient accumulation in soil. The field fertilization experiment on canola (Sanxiayou 5) was designed to have six fertilization treatments, i.e. F₀ (no fertilizers), F_c (conventional fertilizer), F₃₇₅ (special slow-release fertilizer at 375 kg·hm^-2), F₅₂₅ (special slow-release fertilizer at 525 kg·hm^-2), F₆₇₅ (special slow-release fertilizer at 675 kg·hm^-2) and F₈₂₅ (special slow-release fertilizer at 825 kg·hm^-2). Results show that application of slow-release fertilizer improved yield and effective number of pods per plant of canola, exhibiting an order of Treatment F₆₇₅ > Treatment F₈₂₅ > Treatment F₃₇₅ in the effect. Compared with Treatment F_c, Treatment F₆₇₅, Treatment F₈₂₅ and Treatment F375 increased yield of the crop by 43.54%, 36.82% and 13.88%, respectively. Besides, the application reduced N nutrient loss rate from 78.30% (in Treatment Fc) to 53.97%(in Treatment F375) -73.66% (in Treatment F825), and P nutrient loss rate from 56.65% (in Treatment F_c) to 20.53% (in Treatment F₃₇₅) - 46.13% (in Treatment F₈₂₅). Total N, total P and total K in the rhizosphere soil applied with slow-release special fertilizers increased from 0.651 0 g·kg^-1, 0.404 4 g·kg^-1 and 20.74 g·kg^-1 (in Treatment F_c) to 0.661 7-0.691 4g·kg^-1, 0.407 2-0.496 0 g·kg^-1 and 28.96-29.50 g·kg^-1. Fertilization could significantly increase biomass of the crop, and application of special formulated slow-release fertilizer could not only improve fertilizer utilization rate, but also have less impacts on nutrient contents in the rhizosphere soil. Taking into account sustainable development of the agriculture, it is advisable to use the special slow-release fertilizer in practical production.