丛枝菌根育苗缓解西瓜枯萎病的机制
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国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200106)、江苏高校品牌专业建设工程(PPZY2015A061)、国家自然科学基金委员会与美国国家科学基金会“食品、能源、水”系统关联合作研究项目(41961124005)资助


Mechanism of Inoculation of Watermelon Seedlings with Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Alleviating Fusarium Wilt Disease
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Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFD0200106), the Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution of China(No. PPZY2015A061)and INFEWS:US-China: Collaborative Research(No. 41961124005)

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    摘要:

    西瓜易受尖孢镰刀菌侵害发生枯萎病。植物形成丛枝菌根(AM)可有效促进养分吸收和病害防控。在田间直接接种丛枝菌根菌时,侵染效率和生态效应多数会受到限制。采用育苗期接种丛枝菌根菌(Rhizophagus intraradices,R.i)培养菌根苗,成苗后移栽入盆钵,研究西瓜丛枝菌根苗在抗西瓜枯萎病中的作用及其机制。将西瓜丛枝菌根苗移栽入大田,研究丛枝菌根西瓜苗在田间防控西瓜枯萎病及改善磷营养的效果。结果表明,苗期形成的丛枝菌根苗,在移栽后上调几丁质酶编码基因ClPR4、ClPR5在根系的表达量,上调b-1,3-葡聚糖酶编码基因ClGlu3和苯丙氨酸解氨酶编码基因ClPAL4、ClPAL11在根系的表达量;西瓜丛枝菌根育苗提高了根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,提高土壤有效磷含量,改善磷营养,提高西瓜植株抗枯萎病的能力。同时丛枝菌根育苗提高了西瓜根际土壤中的丛枝菌根菌孢子数,降低了根际土壤中病原菌数量,降低西瓜枯萎病发病率及病情指数。因此,丛枝菌根育苗上调了西瓜植株抗性相关酶基因表达,提高西瓜抗病性;同时提高了根际酸性磷酸酶活性而改善了磷营养,提高植株抗病能力。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] Watermelon is susceptible to infection of Fusarium oxysporum, which causes it to wilt. Colonization of Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on roots of the plants can not only effectively promote plant nutrient uptake, but also help prevent diseases. However, direct inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the field may in most cases affect its infection efficiency and ecological effects.[Method] In this study, Rhizophagus intraradices (R.i), was inoculated directly to watermelon seedlings in nursery to culture arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculated watermelon seedlings, some of which were then transplanted into pots for observation of how the inoculation helped the seedling to resist wilt disease and for analysis of its mechanism. Meanwhile activities of wilt-resistance related enzymes and their encoded gene expression were determined for analysis of mechanism of AM helping the seedlings resist wilt disease. Besides, some of the inoculated seedlings were transplanted into fields for exploration of effect of the inoculation helping the plants resist wilt disease and improve P nutrition in the field.[Result] Results show that watermelon seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizae in nursery maintained their mycorrhizal colonization after transplanting, and even up-regulated the expression of chitinase-encoding genes of ClPR4 and ClPR5 and the expression of β-1,3 glucanase gene ClGlu3 and Phenylanlanine ammonia-lyase encoding gene ClPAL4 and ClPAL11 in their root systems. Chitinase activity in rhizosphere of the watermelons increased significantly, but β-1,3 glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities were unchanged. Meanwhile, the inoculation significantly reduced the number of pathogens in watermelon rhizosphere soil, increased the number of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores, and improved the watermelon root system environment, thus reducing wilt incidence of the plants by 22.22%, and disease index by 23.15%, and consequently increasing the disease controlling effect up to 36.23%. Moreover, the inoculation enhanced the activity of acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere soil, thus increasing the availability of phosphorus in the soils, optimizing phosphorus nutrition of the soil and eventually improving disease resistance of the crop.[Conclusion] When watermelon wilt disease occurs, colonization of AM fungi can increase activities of the disease resistance-related enzymes by increasing the expression of ClaPR4, ClaPR5, ClaGlu3 and ClaPAL4 in the watermelon root system, thereby improving disease resistance of the watermelon; inoculation of seedlings with arbuscular mycorrhizae can improve microbial environment of the plant root, and promote hydrolysis of insoluble phosphorus by stimulating the activity of acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere soil, thus increasing the content of available phosphorus in the soil and promoting absorption of the nutrient by watermelon, and eventually improving disease resistance of the crop, reducing the incidence index of watermelon wilt. It is, therefore, concluded that inoculation of the seedlings of watermelon with arbuscular mycorrhizae can effectively prevent occurrence of Fusarium wilt.

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李淑君,王兵爽,王媛,张舒桓,张夕雯,张晓晖,徐国华,任丽轩.丛枝菌根育苗缓解西瓜枯萎病的机制[J].土壤学报,2021,58(3):744-754. DOI:10.11766/trxb202001070007 LI Shujun, WANG Bingshuang, WANG Yuan, ZHANG Shuhuan, ZHANG Xiwen, ZHANG Xiaohui, XU Guohua, REN Lixuan. Mechanism of Inoculation of Watermelon Seedlings with Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Alleviating Fusarium Wilt Disease[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2021,58(3):744-754.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-01-07
  • 最后修改日期:2020-04-19
  • 录用日期:2020-07-20
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-05-11