[Objective] Shajiang black soil (Vertisol), one of the major soil types in China with low or medium productivity, is mainly distributed in the Huaibei plain. As the name suggests, in soil configuration, the soil is composed of a black soil layer and a Shajiang layer, with the former overlaid with the latter. Although the black soil layer is dark in color, it is very low in organic matter content (< 1%). "Shajiang", a special kind of calcareous concretion, is a major component and a typical feature of Shajiang black soil. The presence of Shajiang leads to high heterogeneity of the soil and significantly influences physical and chemical properties of the soil, thus restraining root growth and crop yield. Shajiang is a byproduct of soil-forming process, and shows high spatial variability. However, little is yet known about spatial distribution of Shajiang and its driving factors in the Huaibei Plain. The objective of this study was to investigate spatial distribution of Shajiang its driving factors in the Plain.[Method] Based on the classical statistics and geo-statistics, this study selected two bands of Shajiang black soil, typical of the area, extending from west to east and from north to south in the plain for investigation of contents of Shajiang in the 0~100 cm soil layer, therein. Meanwhile, soils in the 0~20 cm soil layer were sampled for analysis of physico-chemical properties. Besides, topographic and climate data of the sampling sites were collected too. The west-east band extended from Shangcai County in Henan Province to Sixian County in Anhui Province (360 km long, and a total of 35 samples collected), and the north-south band did from Luyi County in Henan Province to Huaiyuan County in Anhui Province (195 km long and a total of 29 samples collected).[Result] (1) the two bands showed a general increasing trend from west to east and from north to south, separately in Shajiang content, but a decreasing one in depth of their burial; (2) Shajiang content increased with soil depth in both bands, and peaked in the 20~60 cm soil layer. The analysis of particle size composition of Shajiang shows that the 2~5 mm fraction of Shajiang accounted for 40%~44% of the total; (3) Similar to Shajiang content in variation trend, increasing from west to east and from north to south in the two bands, the proportion of montmorillonite, MAT and MAP increased too, but MAE and elevation did reversely. However, the content of total calcium only showed a decreasing trend from north to south in the north-south band; and (4) Pearson correlation analysis shows that Shajiang content was positively related to montmorillonite content (r=0.321, P < 0.01), MAP (r=0.416, P < 0.01), and MAT (r=0.369, P < 0.01), but negatively to total calcium content (r=-0.279, P < 0.05), elevation (r=-0.387, P < 0.01), and MEA (r=-0.392, P < 0.01). Principal component analysis shows that topography (37.4%) and climate conditions (38.4%) were factors more important than soil properties affecting Shajiang content (24.1%).[Conclusion] Therefore, it can be concluded that Shajiang content in the Huaibei Plain is mainly regulated by topography, climate conditions and soil properties together, thus forming a spatial distribution pattern of "low in the northwest, and high in the southeast".