周丛生物对稻田氨挥发的影响
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S3-3;X144

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国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0213300)、国家自然科学基金项目(41701301)和江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20171104)资助


Effect and Mechanism of Periphyton Affecting Ammonia Volatilization in Paddy Field
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    摘要:

    周丛生物是一种普遍生长在稻田水-土界面中的微生物聚集体,在调节稻田氮循环中起重要作用。通过野外田间微区试验研究稻田周丛生物对氨挥发的影响,分别设置了周丛生物正常生长以及添加特丁净(C10H19N5S)调控周丛生物生长2个处理,每个处理3个重复,分别于基肥(BF)、分蘖肥(TF)、穗肥(PF)施加后测定周丛生物影响下的氨挥发速率,计算整个水稻生长期内的氨挥发通量,分析不同稻田周丛生物的微生物群落结构、田间理化性质与土壤氨挥发的关系,构建基于周丛生物的稻田氨挥发预测模型。结果表明:周丛生物正常生长状态下基肥和分蘖肥时期氨挥发累计损失量分别达到24.8±1.1 kg·hm-2、10.9±0.1 kg·hm-2,添加C10H19N5S后氨挥发累积量分别降低71.3%、39.3%,穗肥期氨挥发差异不显著。淡色藻门Ochrophyta(8.1%~67.6%)、隐真菌门Cryptomycota(3.9%~54.8%)、线虫动物门Nematoda(0.6%~42.6%)为周丛生物中真核微生物优势门,变形菌门Proteobacteria(52.1%~23.7%)、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes(58.1%~16.8%)、绿湾菌门Chloroflexi(14.6%~0.8%)、酸杆菌门Acidobacteria(11.0%~3.3%)为原核微生物优势门。相关性分析表明,周丛生物生物量、田面水氮素含量、风速是影响日氨挥发通量的关键因素。综上,使用C10H19N5S调控周丛生物生长能够有效的降低基肥以及分蘖肥期间稻田土壤氨挥发,减缓因氨挥发造成的氮肥损失问题。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] Periphyton, a kind of microbial aggregates, grows generally at the water-soil interface in paddy fields, and plays an important role in regulating nitrogen cycling in the paddy fields. This study was conducted to explore effects of perphyton on ammonia volatilization, and relationships of ammonia volatilization with microbial community structure of the periphyton and physico-chemical properties of the surface floodwater in the paddy field, so as to provide certain theoretical guidance and technical support for controlling ammonia emission in paddy fields. [Method] In this study, a field experiment was carried out with two treatments designed to be: 1) with normally growing periphyton, and 2) with terbutryn (C10H19N5S) added to regulate growth of periphyton. Each treatment had three replicates. Ammonia volatilization was monitored after the application of base fertilizer (BF), tillering fertilizer (TF) and heading fertilizer (PF), separately, for analysis of changes in ammonia volatilization rate as affected by periphyton, calculation of ammonia flux volatilized throughout the entire rice growing season, and determination of relationships of ammonia volatilization with microbial community structure of the periphyton and physico-chemical properties of the surface floodwater, in an attempt to establish a model to predict ammonia volatilization from paddy fields based on periphyton growing in the field.[Result] Results show: 1) the cumulative loss of ammonia via volatilization reached 24.75±1.05 kg·hm-2 and 10.92±0.07 kg·hm-2 in the treatment with periphyton growing normally, after the application of base fertilizer (BF) and tillering fertilizer (TF), respectively, and was 71.3% and 39.3%, respectively, lower in the treatment with terbutryn added, however, it did not differ much between the two treatments at the panicle stage (); 2) Ochrophyta, Cryptomycota and Nematoda were the dominant eukaryotic microbes in the study area (accounting for 42.6%-67.6%) while Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi (14.6%-0.8%), Acidobacteria were the dominant prokaryotic microbes (accounting for 52.1%-58.1%); and 3) Correlation analysis shows that biomass of the periphyton, nitrogen content in the floodwater and wind speed are the key factors affecting daily ammonia volatilization flux. [Conclusion] To sum up, the effect of addition of C10H19N5S changing community structure of the periphyton can effectively reduce ammonia volatilization from paddy soil by modulating growth of the periphyton during the periods after the application of base and tillering fertilizers, and hence alleviate N loss via ammonia volatilization.

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赵婧宇,韩建刚,孙朋飞,吴永红.周丛生物对稻田氨挥发的影响[J].土壤学报,2021,58(5):1267-1277. DOI:10.11766/trxb202005060218 ZHAO Jingyu, HAN Jiangang, SUN Pengfei, WU Yonghong. Effect and Mechanism of Periphyton Affecting Ammonia Volatilization in Paddy Field[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2021,58(5):1267-1277.

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历史
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-06
  • 最后修改日期:2020-05-28
  • 录用日期:2020-07-24
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-12-22
  • 出版日期: 2021-09-11