耕地土壤健康及其评价探讨
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S159;P964

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国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0107000)资助


A Discussion on Soil Health Assessment of Arable Land in China
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National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFE0107000)

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    摘要:

    开展面向耕地的土壤健康评价,对保障我国粮食安全和生态文明建设具有紧迫的现实意义。针对相关研究中土壤健康概念抽象、评价尺度杂糅等普遍性问题,及欧美主流技术路线中的局限性,文章从概念解构的视角进行了探讨,提出研究框架,以期为我国耕地土壤健康评价工作提供参考。首先,通过构建基于土壤功能与胁迫的土壤健康观,从理论方面将耕地土壤健康解构为初级生产力、水净化与调节、碳封存与调节、生物多样性供给、养分供给与循环等5类土壤功能,探讨了耕地土壤健康管护理念;然后,基于土地评价的一般性原则,从实践角度对耕地土壤健康进行了尺度划分,识别了田块、县域、省域和国家等4级尺度的耕地土壤健康管护目标。由此,提出了以表征耕地土壤功能与重金属胁迫为核心的耕地土壤健康评价全流程研究框架。然而,如何定义并量化耕地(旱地、水浇地和水田)土壤健康状况与土壤功能的供需关系,科学应用土壤功能评价指标与表征方法,以实现从土壤功能与胁迫到耕地土壤健康的表达,仍是重难点,值得重点关注和进一步研究。

    Abstract:

    The soil health status of arable land is related to national food security and ecological security. Current research on soil health assessment faces limitations such as the unclear definition of soil health and confusion of research scales. There are also drawbacks related to mainstream technology routes abroad. Based on literature research and expert interviews, we discussed the above issues from the perspective of conceptual deconstruction and proposed a research framework to provide a reference for the soil health assessment of arable land in China. Firstly, the concept of soil health based on soil functions and threats was constructed. The soil health of arable land was deconstructed theoretically into five types of soil functions:primary productivity, water purification and regulation, carbon sequestration and regulation, provision of functional and intrinsic biodiversity, provision and cycling of nutrients. Also, the idea of management and protection of arable soil health was identified. Secondly, based on the general principles of land evaluation, the soil health of arable land was divided into spatial scales, and four levels of arable soil health management goals, including field, county, province, and country, were proposed. Finally, from the above two aspects, the whole process research framework of arable soil health assessment was formed. The research framework can be summarized by the following five points:(1) the scientific connotation and assessment framework of soil health; (2) the relationship between arable soil health with soil functions and threats, and its description; (3) soil functions characterization and soil health assessment of arable land at different scales; (4) spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of arable soil health at different scales; and (5) strategies and models for the management and protection of arable soil health. Nevertheless, this study is faced with the limitations of how to (i) define and quantify the supply-demand relationship between soil health status and soil functions of arable land (dry land, irrigated land, and paddy field), and (ii) scientifically select the indicators and characterization methods of soil functions to realize the expression from soil functions and threats to arable soil health? To answer these questions, more studies are recommended in this area of research.

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吴克宁,杨淇钧,赵瑞.耕地土壤健康及其评价探讨[J].土壤学报,2021,58(3):537-544. DOI:10.11766/trxb202009280546 WU Kening, YANG Qijun, ZHAO Rui. A Discussion on Soil Health Assessment of Arable Land in China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2021,58(3):537-544.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-09-28
  • 最后修改日期:2020-11-15
  • 录用日期:2021-01-18
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-01-18
  • 出版日期: 2021-05-11