土壤在植物多样性形成中的作用及其研究意义
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国家自然科学基金重大项目课题(42090065)资助


The Role of Soil in the Formation of Plant Biodiversity and Its Research Significance
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    摘要:

    土壤科学工作者熟知生物作为五大成土因素之一在土壤发生与演化过程中的作用,但是很少问津土壤在植物起源和演化过程的作用。笔者认为,陆地植物的起源和演化过程实质上是对其起源土壤环境的适应过程,土壤对起源植物特性的形成具有“模具效应”。土壤环境的剖面厚度和层次构型、物理、化学和生物学性质多样性形成了起源植物的多样性。由于植物根生长于土壤,通过根从土壤中吸收营养元素以满足自身生长的需求,因此,植物起源土壤对植物特性形成的作用主要体现在植物根型、营养生理和抗逆境生理方面的遗传特性。土壤-植物多样性为不同种类的生物构建了多样化的生境,在生物多样性的形成和维持中发挥着关键作用。保护土壤环境多样性是保护生物多样性的基础。追溯作物的起源土壤环境及其与植物遗传特性的关系对于作物布局和育种、作物养分管理等均具有极为重要的意义。这一研究需要丰富的土壤学、分子遗传学等多学科的知识。因此,开展这一领域的研究不仅是对土壤学研究领域的拓展和对土壤资源重要性的再认识,也是对土壤学与分子遗传学等学科交叉融合的客观要求。

    Abstract:

    Soil scientists well know the role of biological factor as one of the five major natural factors driving soil formation and evolution, but they rarely ask about the role of soil in the origin and evolution of plants. I believe that the origin and evolution process of land plants is essentially an adaptation process to the soil environment. It means that the soil environment has a "mold effect" on the formation and evolution of the plants. The diversity of soil environments in profile thickness and layer configuration, physical, chemical and biological properties provides a basis of the formation of the plant diversity. Since plant roots grow in the soil, by absorbing nutrients from the soil to meet their growth demands, the role of soil environment on the formation of plant characteristics is mainly reflected in the genetic characteristics of plant root phenotype, nutritional physiology and resistant physiology to the stress of soil environments. Soil-plant diversity builds diverse habitats for different types of organisms and plays a key role in the formation and maintenance of biodiversity. Protecting the diversity of soil environment is crucial for biodiversity protection, and the key is to protect the heterogeneity of soil environment. In order to enhance crop yields, the cultivation processes of cropland soils are, in essence, the homogenization processes of soil properties, hence, it is not conducive to biodiversity protection. It is of great significance to trace the soil environment in which crops originate, understand the crop genetic characteristics formed by the originated soil environment for the crop allocation, breeding, and crop nutrient management, and so on. However, the research requires not only rich knowledge in soil science, but also rich knowledge in other disciplines, particularly in molecular genetics. Therefore, conducting research in the field will expand research fields of soil science, re-understand the importance of soil resources, and promote the cross-integration of soil science and other disciplines.

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蔡祖聪.土壤在植物多样性形成中的作用及其研究意义[J].土壤学报,2022,59(1):1-9. DOI:10.11766/trxb202106170314 CAI Zucong. The Role of Soil in the Formation of Plant Biodiversity and Its Research Significance[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2022,59(1):1-9.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-06-17
  • 最后修改日期:2021-07-16
  • 录用日期:2021-09-14
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-09-14
  • 出版日期: 2022-01-11