Abstract:【Objective】Ammonia oxidizers make an important contribution to N2O emissions. However, the composition of their relative contribution to N2O emission in different soils and agricultural management systems has not been systematically studied.【Method】We studied the contributions of AOB, AOA + comammox and heterotrophic nitrifiers to the potential nitrification rate, net nitrification rate and N2O emission in typical upland surface soils (fluvo-aquic soil, black soil, latosol, red soil), and in latosols from soil profile under organic fertilizer amendment.【Result】In the surface fluvo-aquic soil, black soil, latosol and red soil, potential nitrification rate significantly increased with soil pH (P < 0.05), and was 32.5, 6.6, 4.8 and 2.3 mg·kg-1·d-1, respectively. AOB dominated the potential nitrification rate in the above surface soils, with contributions ranging 58%-100%. Further analyses of the fluvo-aquic soil, black soil and latosol indicated that net nitrification rate and N2O emission both significantly increased with soil pH (P < 0.05), which were consistent with potential nitrification rate. For the net nitrification rate, AOB and AOA + comammox contributed equally (30%-40%) in the fluvo-aquic soil and latosol, while AOB dominated in the black soil (72%). N2O emissions from the fluvo-aquic soil, black soil and latosol were all dominated by AOB (58%-92%). For soils from the organic fertilizer-amended latosol profile, pH, potential nitrification rate, net nitrification rate and N2O emission significantly increased from the subsurface to surface layer (P < 0.05). The increase in potential nitrification rate and net nitrification rate was dominated by AOA + comammox (contributing 63% and 54%) and the increase in N2O emission was dominated by AOB (contributing 54%).【Conclusion】This study provides new evidence for developing reduction measures of N2O emissions that match the soil ammonia oxidation characteristics and soil properties.