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风化壳颗粒大小是决定典型干旱区硝态氮深部累积特征的关键因素
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中图分类号:

S661.1；S562；S151

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD1900103， 2018YFE0107000）和国家自然科学基金项目（41977003）资助


Regolith Particle Size Controls Deep Nitrate Accumulation in a Typical Arid Region
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Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2023YFD1900103, 2018YFE0107000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41977003)

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    摘要:

    我国干旱区农田关键带过量施氮造成氮肥利用率低和土壤硝态氮大量累积，威胁生态环境安全。阐明干旱区土壤硝态氮累积特征及其影响因素，可为干旱区水肥综合管理提供科学参考。选择典型干旱区——新疆阿克苏地区为研究区域，从南向北沿地形序列布设三个钻孔点，分别为60年棉田XJ1（40°36′48.7″N，80°48′14.2″E）、32年老苹果园XJ2（41°16′16.2″N，80°19′9.1″E）和15年新苹果园XJ3（41°20′37.6″N，80°17′11.0″E），海拔依次为971 m、1 129 m和1 213 m，采样深度依次为7.75 m、10.52 m和9.91 m，利用线性和非线性相关分析方法研究了土壤有关理化性质与土壤硝态氮浓度变异的关系。结果表明，海拔低处棉田和海拔高处不同种植年限的苹果园土壤深部均出现了硝态氮显著累积特征，深部浓度高达44 mg·kg-1，最大累积深度超过10 m。土壤含水量和不同粒径颗粒（砾石、砂粒、粉粒与黏粒）含量等关键理化性质可解释土壤硝态氮浓度垂直变异的约50%。其中，土壤含水量和土壤颗粒大小是决定土壤硝态氮深部累积特征的重要因素，土壤含水量越高、土壤颗粒越细，土壤硝态氮浓度通常越高。棉田土壤硝态氮在4 m深地下水位以下发生了明显的反硝化作用，使累积的硝态氮浓度降至较低水平（< 1 mg·kg-1）。苹果园因地下水位较深，土壤硝态氮未发生明显的反硝化作用，且已大量迁移累积至植物根系难以触及的深部区域（> 5 m）。土壤含水量是影响土壤硝态氮深部累积特征的地下部直接性因素；土壤颗粒大小通过调控土壤含水量空间变异，而成为影响土壤硝态氮深部累积特征的地下部根本性因素。

    Abstract:

    【Objective】 Overuse of Nitrogen (N) fertilizer results in a low N use efficiency and intensive soil nitrate accumulation in arid farmland critical zone of China, which threatens eco-environmental safety. Elucidating characteristics of soil nitrate accumulation and its influencing factors can provide scientific reference for integrated management of water and fertilizers. 【Method】 The Aksu region, a typical arid region, was selected as the study area. Regolith core samples were collected from three drilling sites including XJ1 (40°36′48.7″N, 80°48′14.2″E), XJ2 (41°16′16.2″N, 80°19′9.1″E), and XJ3 (41°20′37.6″N, 80°17′11.0″E) along a topographic sequence from south to north, with depths of 7.75 m, 10.52 m, and 9.91 m, respectively. The drilling sites were located in a 60-year-old cotton field, a 32-year-old apple orchard, and a 15-year-old apple orchard, respectively. Key soil properties were measured and their relationship to soil nitrate concentration accumulation was analyzed using linear and nonlinear correlations. 【Result】 Significant accumulation of soil nitrate concentration was found under cotton fields with a low altitude and apple orchards with different planting years and a high altitude. Soil nitrate concentrations at depth can reach 44 mg·kg-1 and soil nitrate accumulation occurs deeper than 10 m. Key soil properties including soil water content and soil particle (gravel, sand, silt and clay fractions) sizes could explain about 50% variations of soil nitrate concentrations with depth. Among key soil properties, soil water content and soil particle sizes were found to be the main factors determining soil nitrate accumulation at depth. Soil nitrate concentration was generally accumulated under conditions with a high soil water content and a fine soil particle. Notable denitrification below the groundwater table at a depth of 4 m occurred under cotton fields and led to a low nitrate concentration below 1 mg·kg-1. Notable denitrification was not observed below 10 m under apple orchards with a deep groundwater table and soil nitrate concentration was intensively accumulated beyond the root zone deeper than 5 m. 【Conclusion】 Soil water content was found to be the below-ground direct factor determining soil nitrate accumulation at depth. Soil particle sizes were found to be the fundamental factor determining soil nitrate accumulation via controlling soil water content variations.

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董学涛,吴华勇,宋效东,张甘霖,潘洁.风化壳颗粒大小是决定典型干旱区硝态氮深部累积特征的关键因素[J].土壤学报,2024,61(5):1236-1246. DOI:10.11766/trxb202303290119 DONG Xuetao, WU Huayong, SONG Xiaodong, ZHANG Ganlin, PAN Jie. Regolith Particle Size Controls Deep Nitrate Accumulation in a Typical Arid Region[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2024,61(5):1236-1246.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-29
  • 最后修改日期:2024-01-11
  • 录用日期:2024-02-29
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-03-04
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