Soil biotechnology, as a result of combination of soil science with molecular biology and genetical engineering, is one of the new research areas and growth points of soil science. Based on the research fruits of soil science, this cross discipline uses the theories of molecular biology and the techniques of genetical engineiering to study molecular mechanisms and genetical control of plant mineral nutrition, plant resistance to adverse soil conditions and soil microbiological processes, with the aim of creating genetically manipulated plants to solve such problems as low efficiency of plant nutrition and poor productivities of soils due to infertility, salinity, acidity, the pollution and toxicity of alumium and other heavy metals, etc. Also, some achievements in these fields are briefly introduced and the future development is discussed in this paper.