Effect of fertilization on active C (C_A), microbial biomass C(C_MB),mineralizable C (C_M) and C pool management index (CPMI) in different soils were examined. Results indicated that among those studied soils, soil C_A, C_MB,C_M and CPMI were the highest in paddy soil, the second in yellow brown soil, the third in red soil and the lowest in Cao soil. Effects of different treatments on C_A, CPMI, C_MB and C_M were organic manure>organic manure+NPK>reference>NPK>CK, organic manure>organic manure+NPK>NPK>reference>CK respectively. In raising C_A,C_MB,C_M and CPMI, effects of different organic fertilizer types and application were rice straw, green manure better than farmyard manure, high application better than conventional application. Compared 5-y fertilization with 10-y fertilization, CPMI in Cao soil under organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer+NPK treatments increased, while CPMI decreased under NPK and CK treatment Correlation analysis showed: CPMI was well related to total C, total N, microbial biomass C and N, available N,P and K in these soils and sensitive to agricultural measures, which indicated that it is practical to assess soil C pools under different management practices using CPMI.