A field experiment was carried out in Yancheng to assess CH₄ and N₂O emission rate in such two different cultivation systems of rice as traditional paddy production and aerobic production with different covers.There were four treatments, i.e., three treatments designed in aerobic rice production system such as the plots covered with plastic film (Ⅰ), straw mulch (Ⅱ) and bare (without any cover) (Ⅲ) and one treatment in waterlogged rice production (as CK).The emission of N₂O and CH₄ was measured during the entire cultivation period in the two completely different cultivation system.The results obtained were as follows.The total N₂O fluxes in aerobic condit ion was five to six times higher than that in paddy soil, while the total emissions of CH₄ in paddy soil was eight to nineteen times higher than that in aerobic condition.The total N₂O emissions during the growth period of rice within the three treatments in aerobic condition were significantly different.They were in the order of Ⅰ> Ⅲ>Ⅱ, whereas the order of the total CH₄ emissions was Ⅲ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ.The maximum emission rate of CH₄ (5.0 mg CH₄ m^-2 h^-1) from water-logged soil was found in the tillering stage of the rice crop.Fertilization was the primary factor affecting the N₂O emissions in aerobic condition.The peaks of the emission rates of N₂O from aerobic soil were observed in the eleventh day, the ninth to tenth day and the sixth day after N applied as basal fertilizer, applied at tillering and booting stage, respectively.