Soil microbial diversity is an important content of soil microbial ecology,which is a new frontal field in ecology.Soil microbial diversity encompasses functional,structural and molecular genetic diversities of microbial community,and is a key indicator of stability and functions of soil ecosystems.This paper reviews current development in researches of the field of microbial diversity in polluted soils at home and abroad based on the methods of isolating culture and biomarkers,and the knowledge of microbial diversity from the angles of different ecological levels,and explores advanced approaches,new ideas and issues in the research on soil microbial ecological processes aiming at new problems in soil pollution the world is faced with.