Based on field surveys, soil samples were collected systematically at the YPC loess-paleosol site, Yuzhou County, Henan Province for analysis of contents of macro-and micr-oelements and their variations with XRF and comparison with the curves of magnetic susceptibility and particle-size distribution. It was found that K₂O/Na₂O ratio, eluvial coefficient and contents of micro-elements with Rb as an indicator varied regularly with the layers of the Holocene aeolian loess-paleosol profile, i. e. they peaked in the paleosol (S₀), and were lower in the modern topsoil (MS) and the lowest in the loess (L₀, L_t, L₁), Whereas SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio and content of Sr went the other way in the profile, showing that during the stage of S₀ and MS formation, the climate was warm and humid, and pedogenesis and secondary clayification were stronger; and during the stage of loess accumulation, the climate turned very dry and with frequent dust storms and pedogenesis was weakened. Comparison of these chemical parameters with magnetic susceptibility showed that transference of these elements was mainly controlled by the Holocene climate. The contents of most macro-elements were much higher, the contents of most micro-elements were much lower, and the magnetic susceptibility was much lower too, and the content of most fine sands in the particle-size composition was much higher in the YPC loess-paleosol profile than in the Luochuan profile which is located in the hinterland of the Loess Plateau, which suggested that the sources of Holocene loess-paleosol in the upperreaches of the Huaihe River Basin evidently differed from that of the Loess Plateau. Considering the fact that the Yellow River overflowed and changed route frequently, leading to deposition during the Holocene and the prevailing North-East wind in the Huang-Huai plains caused formation of flowing sands, it can be concluded that the loess in the Huaihe River Basin was deposition of Aeolian sands from nearby sources, i. e. the Yellow River alluvial deposition, which was weathered and conveyed by North-East wind. Then aeolian sand deposited, accumulated and weathered on the spot to form loess-paleosol.