Soil organismis a key driving force of soil formation and evolution,and the most active component of a soil ecosystem as well. Based on literatures available of the past decade the world over,status quo of the study of soil biology in China was analyzed,and major progresses of the study was summarized from the angles of soil biology,soil bio-chemistry,soil microbiology,soil-plant system and soil zoology. By taking into consideration the frontier and hot issues of the study on soil science the world over,it is recommended that foci of the study should be p laced on soil biology and global environment changes,soil biology and soil quality,soil biodiversity and its ecological functions,soil microbial met-agenomics and development of active substances,soil pollution and bioremediation,and soil enzymology and metapro-teomic techniques,etc..