Aretrospectis presented of the development of the production and application of chemical fertilizer in China,and changes in soil nutrient balance caused by chemical fertilizer application was explored,with emphasis on progresses in the study on development of new types of fertilizer,mainly referring to stable type fertilizer,compound fertilizer and coated fertilizer. In light of the status quo situation of the chemical fertilizer industry of the country,some problems are pointed out,like existed that were unreasonable product variety structure,lower input involvement load,irrational al-location of unreasomale fertilizer resource,imbalanced ratio of allocation,nutrient input ratio imbalance,slow development of new types of highefficiency fertilizers. Based on analysis of the we analyzedits existing problems,future trend of the development of the chemical fertilizer industry of China is predicted at last gave a prospect on chemical fertilizer developing trend.