Phosphorus is one of the important nutrients in growth and development of plants. In global agriculture, deficiency of soil available phosphorus is a major factor restricting plant production. However, soil has a large pool of fixed phosphate, which is not readily available to plants, but potentially accessible to crops. Different approaches have been tried to increase their availability. Among them bio-solubilization of phosphate plays an important role in solubilizing soil fixed phosphates. In the process, the functional genes of phosphate solublising microorganisms could be crucial in manipulation of the release of soil phosphate. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms of this process is essential in exploiting phosphate solublising microorganisms in efficiently tapping the soil phosphate resources for agricultural production.