In aim to understand the spatial variations of soil organic C (SOC) in the landscape scale in the redearth region of China, data obtained from a hilly landscape unit selected from the region were analyzed using geography-statistical methodology. The overall mean and variation coefficient of SOC content in the surface layer (0～20 cm) were 12.7 g kg^-1 and 31.3% for the landscape. The spatial distribution of SOC was highly self-correlated (nugget to sill was 6.3%) and land-use patterns in the landscape was strongly related (with a coefficient of 64.4%, p < 0.001) to topography factors (i.e. elevation and slope gradient), and its semi-variogram fitted well with an exponential model. The mean of SOC content for paddy soils in the landscape unit was 16.0 g kg^-1, which was significantly larger than that for soils from arable lands (11.2 g kg^-1), orchards (9.5 g kg^-1), and woodlands (8.4 g kg^-1). Surface visualization of SOC variations in the landscape unit demonstrates that the coefficient between SOC variations and landuse patterns was significantly larger that for SOC and elevation.