Total soil microbial DNA was directly extracted from soils of farmland (F), tea garden (T) and natural forest (G) at the Taoyuan Agro-ecosystem Research Station and soil bacteria community structures of the soils were analyzed with the technology of T-RFLP and RT-PCR amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. It was found that the bacterial diversity index or Shannon index followed the order of farmland > tea garden > natural forest (p<0.05), while the population of soil bacteria did the order of tea garden > natural forest > farmland (p<0.05)，and the highest (tea garden) was 8.76 times as much as the lowest (farmland). The analysis based on the similarity values using Jaccard’s coefficient and T-RFLP profiles by PAT T-RFLP program showed that soil bacteria community structure was significantly different between farmland and the other two, but was quite similar between tea garden and natural forest. The analysis of chemical properties of the soils showed that Olsen-P, available K and SOC were the major factors distinctly affecting soil bacteria community structures in those soils under different land-use. Taking economy and ecology into account, tea garden should be a sustainable land use pattern for upland red soil in China.