Palynological analysis of 33 samples of topsoils and mosses collected from fields under five different types of land use in the karst area of rocky desertification in Nanping Town, Chongqing, shows that (1) the spores and pollens found in the samples could be sorted into 50 genera dominated by those of herbage and ferns, which accounted for 38.84%～86.56% of the total (except for samples from Secondary Masson Pine forest, Secondary Cryptomeria forest and Peach orchard), and was followed by those of arbor (mainly Pinus massoniana) accounting for 13.42%～59.40%, and by those of shrubs, accounting for only about 0.00%～12.50%, which is a significant indicator of serious degradation of the local vegetation; (2) Abundance of pollen types did not differ much from field to field under different land uses, and changes in species diversity took place mainly in arbors and shrubs, and little in herbage and ferns; (3) Pollen assemblage varied sharply from field to field under different land uses, which reflects basically the situation of the current vegetation of the area; (4) With increasing land use intensity, pollens of arbors and shrubs were decreasing in content and type, while those of herbs and ferns increasing, and dominated by pollens of farmland weeds. It is, therefore, concluded that the changes in land use are the main factor affecting the secondary vegetation and the pollen assemblages in the karst rocky desertification area.