Based on the long-term experiment carried out in an upland field of red soil, the impacts of long-term application of organic manure on distribution and community structure of soil nematodes were studied. The long-term organic manure application experiment was designed to have four treatments: CK (no pig manure); ON1 (low amount of pig manure); ON2 (high amount of pig manure); ON2L (high amount of pig manure with lime). A total of 15 families and 29 genera of soil nematodes were identified in the upland field, including 8 genera of plant-parasites, 9 genera of bacterivores, 3 genera of fungivores and 9 genera of predators/omnivores, of which Pratylenchus, Rhabditis and Protorhabditis were found to be the dominant genera. The four treatments followed a decreasing order of ON2 > ON1> ON2L > CK in total nematode number. The soil nematode community responded differently to the treatments in all the ecological indices except for SI, which suggests that changes in soil nematode community structure may be used as an indicator of variation of soil fertility and considered an important bioindicator of soil health quality.