Soil series is the basement of the soil taxonomy and also a bridge connected with their productivity and eco-environmental evaluation, Therefore, they are of great theoretical and practical significance to soil classification and its application. On the basis of the data collected during of the second national soil survey and ongoing researches, through field observation and soil investigation of and analyses for soil physical and chemical properties and trace elements in Rugao County, Jiangsu Province, soils of the county were classified by series and their productivity and eco-environmental features studied. In line with principles, basis and diagnostic soil horizons for soil classification set in the study, the soils of the county were sorted into 9 soil series. The differences between the series in basic soil physical and chemical properties and trace elements validated reliability of the classification methods. The differences between various series were significant differences in particle size compositions, chemical properties, nutrient properties, and trace elements reflecting that each soil series has its own unique productivity and eco-environmental characteristics.