Based on meteorological data and the Geographic Information System (GIS) database of the Nanjing area during the period from 2001 to 2010, and by means of soil sampling and analyzing, non-point source pollution and soil erosion in various districts of the Nanjing area in the past 10 years were quantitatively analyzed with models for overall monitoring of erosion and non-point source pollution from soil erosion and nutrient loss. Results show the following, (1) the data of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus of the various types of soils in the area better reflected soil nutrient and fertilization status of the area. In recent years, soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus increased significantly and total phosphorus decrease significantly in most parts of the area; (2) The non-point source pollution and soil erosion were characterized by annual and inter-annual variations; which show that soil erosion and pollution occurred mostly from Apr. to Aug. and was the most serious in 2003 and the least in 2001; (3) Significant spatial variation of the 10-year averages of non-point source pollution and soil erosion existed among different districts; Jiangning was the most seriously polluted area and was followed by Luhe; (4) For the past 10 years, the effect of the efforts of Nanjing to control non-point source pollution and soil erosion was significant. Increasing vegetation coverage and enforcing soil erosion control measures are effective in controlling non-point source pollution and soil erosion.