Comparisons were made between treatments of a long-term stationary experiment in a field of aquic brown soil in the lower reaches of the Liaohe River Plain for analysis of effects of type and application rate of fertilizer on distribution of total phosphorus (TP) in the surface soil layer and of available phosphorus (AP) throughout the soil profile (0~80cm). Result show that in all the treatments receiving fertilizer P, soil P gained in positive budget of TP in the surface soil layer and AP increasing obviously , and a significant linear relationship was found between budget of soil P (x) and balance of AP (y) y = 0.070 1x +8.538 9 (R²=0.89**). About 15.8% of the surplus P entered AP pool. When P application rate went beyond 50 kg hm^-2, the AP content in the 60~80 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in the control, suggesting that vertical transport of P existed. Compared with chemical fertilizer, organic manure is more likely to cause downwards transport of P. Affected by a number of factors, like fertilizer, organic matter content, crop uptake, etc., the distribution of soil available phosphorus in the soil profile showed a pattern of being high in the upper and lower layers and low in the middle layer, with the lowest observed in the 20~40 cm soil layer.