Soil erosion is a major ecological and environmental issue concerned globally. It causes soil degradation and some environmental problems as well. Based on Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and GIS spatial analysis technique, this research quantitatively analyzed the spatial distribution of soil erosion and soil nutrient loss in Anhui Province, and explored relationships of soil erosion intensity with elevation and slope based on ArcGIS zonal statistics. Results show that in 2010 the total amount of soil erosion was 3 454 × 10⁴ t a^-1, and the mean soil erosion modulus was 256.9 t km^-2a^-1. The soil erosion in the province as a whole was dominantly trivial in degree, with 90.10% or 121 200 km² in the grade of trivial erosion, and 1.12% or 1 521 km²in the grade of intensive erosion distributed mainly in the hilly region of South Anhui and the Dabieshan mountain region of West Anhui. The grade of light erosion contributed 1 016 × 10⁴t a^-1, 29.42 % to the total amount of soil erosion, the grade of trivial erosion did 677.6 × 10⁴ t a^-1 or 19.62%, and the grade of highly intensive erosion did 125.3 × 10⁴t a^-1 or 3.63%. Spatially, soil erosion intensified from north to south. Trivial soil erosion, the dominant grade of soil erosion, was distributed mainly in the North Anhui Plain, the riverine plains alongside the Huaihe River and the hilly region between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, while intensive soil erosion, in the hilly region of South Anhui and the mountains of West Anhui. Intensity degree of the soil erosion in the study area was closely related to elevation and slope. The soil erosion on slopes, 15° ~ 25° in gradient and 200 ~ 500 m in elevation, was the most severe. Distributions of soil erosions different in intensity in areas different in elevation and slope displayed a similar rule, that is, with rising elevation and slope, the soil erosion gradually increased in intensity, and the area of trivial soil erosion shrank gradually, while the areas of the other grades of soil erosion expanded gradually. The total loss of soil nutrients caused by soil erosion reached 106.6 × 10⁴ t a^-1, of which soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK), accounted for 47.94 × 10⁴, 4.934 × 10⁴, 1.295 × 10⁴, and 52.47 × 10⁴ t a^-1 respectively, or 3.57, 0.37, 0.10, and 3.90 t km^-2 a^-1, respectively, on average. The soil nutrient loss showed a spatial variation trend similar to that the soil erosion did, that is, rising from north to south. The North Anhui Plain was the lowest in mean and total loss of the four soil nutrients, and the hilly region of Southern Anhui the highest. As a whole, the findings may help understand how soil erosion and soil nutrient loss is spatially distributed, and then provide certain data basis for soil and water conservation.