The knowledge about impacts of the topography on soil erosion and deposition on hillslope in the typical of the black soil region may serve as a scientific basis for arrangement of soil and water conservation measures in small catchments. However, currently, litter is available in literatures related the effects of topography factors (the slope position, slope gradient, slope length and slope shape) on spatial distribution of soil erosion and deposition on hillslope in the typical black soil region of Northeast China. This paper, based on the ¹³⁷Cs trace technique and Zhang Xinbao’s mass balance model, studied on quantitatively spatial distribution characteristics of hillslope soil erosion and deposition and analyzed influences of topography factors on soil erosion rate. A small catchment, called Dongshangou, located at Bin county, Heilongjiang Province, was selected and a total of 76 soil samples were collected at various position from six typical slopes profiles which located at the upper, middle and down streams, respectively, in additional, 8 background samples, for analysis of 137Cs activity with a gamma-ray spectrometry and for estimation soil erosion-deposition rates with Zhang’s mode. Results show that soil erosion and deposition rates on corn-cultivated hillslopes ranged from -4 685 t km^-2a^-1 to 3 417 t km^-2a^-1 (+ means soil erosion and - means soil deposition) and with a mean of 448 t km^-2a^-1, and the sampling sites where soil erosion and deposition occurred accounted for 60.5% and 39.5% of the total in number, which indicated that the catchment was dominated with soil erosion. Distribution of soil erosion and deposition varied significantly with slope position. The entire hillslope, including the top, upper, middle and lower slopes, were dominated with soil erosion, with erosion rate varying in the range of 38 t km^-2a^-1 to 3 318 t km^-2a^-1; and averaged to be 819, 376, 1 000, and 634 t km^-2a^-1, at the top, upper, middle and lower slope, respectively. Obvious deposition was observed in the foot of a slope, varying in the range of -107 t km^-2a^-1 to -4 685 t km^-2a^-1and averaged to be -1 382 t km^-2a^-1. Moreover, distribution of hillslope soil erosion and deposition also varied with shape of the slope. On convex slopes, soil erosion came first and then followed by deposition; while on the complex slopes, soil erosion and deposition distributed alternatively along the hillslopes. In addition, soil erosion rate exhibited significant power function relationships with slope gradient and slope length; and it increased with increasing slope gradient and slope length. The effect of slope gradient was much greater than that of slope length on soil erosion rate. Therefore, it is essential to mitigate as much as possible the effect of slope gradient erosion on soil erosion in slope farmland in arranging soil and water conservation practices in the black soil region.