【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate distribution of soil inorganic (SIC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) in farmland in the arid and semi-arid areas of China, and analyze factors influencing SIC and SOC stocks. 【Method】Data of SOC and SIC contents in farmland were collected from some articles published after 2000 and some unpublished sources, involving 178 soil profiles(0~100 cm in depth) located in natural farmlands and long-term field stations. Linear regression analyses of the data were performed to evaluate relationships of SIC and SOC with soil physical properties (i.e. pH, and bulk density) with Sigmaplot (version 12.5) and ArcMAP (version 10.1). 【Result】Results show that SOC content decreased with soil depth. However, vertical distribution of SIC content varied from field to field. In general, SIC content increased with soil depth in natural farmlands, but decreased in the fields of the long-term experiment stations, which indicates that climate condition (i.e. annual precipitation) and soil properties might be the factors influencing vertical distribution of SIC. On average, the SOC and SIC of these soil profiles was 8.33 and 15.83 kg m^-2, respectively, in density. SOC was mainly accumulated in topsoil (0~30 cm), whereas SIC in subsoil (30~100 cm). The SOC in topsoil accounted for 45% of the total in profile 100 cm in depth, whereas SIC in subsoil accounted for 71% of the total. Soil bulk density and soil pH were important factors influencing SOC and SIC stocks. Significantly negative correlations of SOC density with soil pH (R² = 0.61, p< 0.01) and soil bulk density (R² = 0.64, p< 0.01) were found in this study, while profoundly positive relationships of SIC density with soil pH (R² = 0.56, p< 0.01) and soil bulk density (R² = 0.63, p< 0.01) were.【Conclusion】 The study on profile distribution and total SOC and SICstocks in farmlands in the arid and semi-arid areas of China may provide some basic data and theoretical support to carbon budgeting in inland terrestrial ecosystems.