【Objective】 As one of the three major pedogenic river deltas in China and the one that develops the fastest, the Yellow River Delta is an important reserved land resource. Developing mixed forests has been becoming a major strategy to develop the Yellow River Delta，because mixed forests can not only regulate temperature but also improve soil fertility. To improve the ecological system of the Yellow River Delta, a number of forest plantations have been established since the 1950s. Robinia pseudoacacia is the dominant tree species in most of the forest plantations, which contribute significantly to conserving soil and water and improving the ecological system of the Delta. Soil microbial community in plant rhizosphere plays an important role in plant nutrition and plant health. This research aimed to accurately evaluate how soil bacterial communities colonize in rhizosphere and in bulk soils under Robinia pseudoacacia in the Yellow River Delta. 【Method】 With the aid of the Illumina MiSeq technology, this research analyzed structure and diversity of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil and the bulk soil under Robinia pseudoacacia for comparison. The differences in soil bacterial community between rhizosphere and bulk soil were expressed via the Weighted Unifrac Range of OTUs. 【Result】Results show that the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil consisted of 214 genera of 36 phyla and that in the bulk soil 153 genera of 33 phyla. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant phyla of bacteria in both rhizosphere and bulk soils with relative abundance being more than 15%. Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae varied sharply in relative abundance between the rhizosphere soil and the bulk soil. Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Nitrospirae, and Verrucomicrobia were the dominant taxa of bacteria with relative abundance being more than 1%. Rhodoplanes, Lysobacter, Thermomonas and Streptomyces in the rhizosphere soil and Rhodoplanes,Lysobacter, Streptomyces and Kaistobacter in the bulk soil all exceeded 4% in relative abundance. There were 29 and 32 genera of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil and 3 in the bulk soil being more than 1% in relative abundance, respectively. Significant differences were found in relative abundance of Novosphingobium, Aeromicrobium, Limnohabitans, Phycicoccus, aistobacter, Candidatus Nitrososphaera, DA101, Ramlibacter, and Methylibium between the rhizosphere soil and the bulk soil. Relative abundance of Azotobacter was significantly higher in the rhizosphere soil than in the bulk soil, while no significant difference was observed in relative abundance of potassium and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria between the two soils. Chao richness of bacterial community was 2 054 and 2 376 in the rhizosphere soil and in the bulk soils, respectively, showing a significant difference. Weighted Unifrac Range mof the soil bacteria between the rhizosphere and the bulk soil was 0.12～0.25. In this study, all the findings demonstrate that there are some differences in structure between the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil and in the bulk soil under Robinia pseudoacacia in Yellow River Delta. 【Conclusion】Significant differences do exist in relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Nitrospirae at the phylum level, and Novosphingobium, Aeromicrobium, Limnohabitans, andPhycicoccus at the genus level between rhizosphere and bulk soils, and significant differences are also observed in bacterial diversity between rhizosphere and bulk soils. Analysis of bacteria 16S rRNA-bacteria dataset shows differernces in structure and diversity of soil bacterial community between the rhizosphere and bulk soila in the Yellow River Delta. But further research is still needed to get more detailed information about soil microorganisms.