【Objective】Soil moisture is a key variable in parameterization of a land surface. Soil moisture content varies spatially and temporally, and plays an important role in material and energy exchanges occurring in the earth-atmosphere interface. It is a basic indicator for prediction of crop growth and crop yield, and also an important parameter in the numerical weather prediction model that helps efficiently forecast improvement in the physics of land surface processes on regional or global scales. However, it is very difficult to obtain an accurate soil moisture parameter just through field measurement temporally and spatially, especially at large spatial scales. Remote sensing technology has widely been used in estimation of soil moisture contents for it features capability of observing a large area synchronously, timely and economically. In the present study, a total of 39 soil samples were collected from an oasis in the Weigan-Kuqa Delta, Xinjiang of China.【Method】Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index(TVDI) is an important tool that can be used to reflect soil moisture regime through inversion. In this study DEM data were introduced to correct the data of land surface temperature(Ts) on the basis of the researches on TVDI in an attempt to mitigate the impact of undulation in land relief on secondary distribution of energy. The study area was divided into different land use types by threshold. Based on the synchronously field measured data, a piecewise inversion model was used to inverse soil moisture distribution in the delta oasis, and then spatial distribution pattern of soil moisture in the studied area and rules of its variation were further analyzed.【Result】Results show as follows: (1) Based on TVDI, DEM was introduced for terrain correction. Comparing the data before and after the terrain correction demonstrates that Ts-MSAVI and the determination coefficient of the field measured soil moisture content in the topsoil layer were higher after the correction than before the correction. After the correction, R² rose from 0.44 to 0.53, and all were above the 0.01 significance level; (2) The soil moisture regime of the delta oasis reflected in the classification maps of TVDI demonstrates an apparent rule of spatial variation of soil moisture that on the whole, soil moisture declines from west to east and from north to south. Based on the variation coefficient of the mean soil moisture contents in the six soil layers of the 0~100cm soil profiles different in land use type in the study area, soil moisture variation coefficient of the oasis and ecotone was 28% and 36%, respectively. From the distribution of the soil moisture variation coefficients of the soil layers in the soil moisture vertical variation coefficient map, it is discerned that the closer to the surface, the higher the variation coefficient, and that the vertical variation coefficient of soil moisture varied with land use type even in the same soil layers. However, the overall trend was quite similar, that is, it declines with soil depth; (3) By comparing the piecewise inversion model with the original model in inversion, it is learnt that the determination coefficient between the measured soil moisture and that predicted using the piecewise model and original model was 0.72 and 0.64, with RMSE being 0.03 and 0.04, respectively. Obviously, the coefficient of determination increased by 0.08 and RMSE decreased by 0.01. 【Conclusion】Based on all the above-described findings, it could be concluded as follows: (1) In this study, DEM elevation data were used for terrain correction of TVDI, and the corrected TVDI better reflected the soil moisture regime; (2) On the whole, soil moisture declines from west to east and from north to south, and remains quite consistent in the oasis, but varies drastically in the ecotone. Soil moisture vertical variation coefficient varied as a whole, showing a declining trend of a power function; (3) By comparing the piecewise inversion model and the original model in inversion, it is learnt that the piecewise inversion model should be used to invert soil moisture in soils different in land use, which may effectively supplement each other, thus improving accuracy of the inversion as a whole. It is, therefore, worthy of attention and application in researches on regional soil moisture regime.