【Objective】 Fluvo-aquic soil is widely distributed in the North China Plain. The soil is very low in organic matter, which is hard accumulate therein. Maybe, this is the main cause preventing high crop yields. Application of extraneous organic materials (i.e. straw and woody peat) is a common agricultural strategy to improve soil organic matter（SOM）content in this agricultural region. However, so far only limited information is available in the literature about effects of applying crop straw and/or wood peat on crop yield and soil fertility, and it is not clear whether it is superior to direct straw returning to the field. 【Method】 In this study, a field experiment, designed to have four treatments, that is, CK (Do not apply any organic material, only chemical fertilizer), R (Chemical fertilizer and 7 500 kg·hm^-2 of straw), MT (Chemical fertilizer and 7 005 kg·hm^-2 of the wood peat), and RMT (Chemical fertilizer, 7 500 kg·hm^-2 of straw and 7 005 kg·hm^-2 of the wood peat) was conducted in a field of Fluvo-aquic soil in Fengqiu, Henan. Crop yield and soil fertility indices, such as SOM, total nitrogen(TN), available phosphorus(AP), Nitrate (NO₃^--N) and carbon nitrogen ratio (C:N) of the soil were measured. High-throughput sequencing was employed to characterize diversity and composition of the bacterial community in the soil, FAPROTAX database was used in prediction of bacterial functions. 【Result】 Results show that there was no significant difference between Treatments R and RMT and CK in aboveground biomass, but Treatment R and RMT was 40% and 64% respectively, higher than CK in average respiration rate in the whole growth period of maize. However, Treatment MT was 10% lower than CK in aboveground biomass, and did not differ much in average respiratory rate. On the other hand, the treatments varied in effect on soil fertility. Compared with CK, Treatment R was 23.56% lower in AP, while Treatment MT was 79.30%, 39.12%, 43.63% and 86.50% higher, respectively, in SOM, AP, NO3-N and C:N. Through high-throughput sequencing and function prediction, it was found that the bacterial communities in Treatments R and MT differed significantly from that in CK in composition and function, while that in Treatment RMT was similar to that in CK, and the soil bacterial communities in Treatments R and MT were significantly higher than that in CK in diversity. Compared with CK, the relative abundances of Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Arthrobacter, Dactylosporangium and Rubellimicrobiu that could decompose and utilize fresh straws were significantly increased in Treatment R, but the functions of Chemoheterotrophy, Aerobic chemoheterotrophy and Ureolysis were decreased, while in Treatment MT, the relative abundances of Agrobacterium, Cellulosimicrobium, Devosia, Niastella, Nocardioides and Rubellimicrobiu that could degrade macromolecular organics were significantly increased and the function of Cellulolysis was strengthened and that of Aerobic chemoheterotrophy was weakened. In addition, the predicted functions of the soil microbial communities in Treatments R and MT were significantly different from those in CK, but thoese in Treatment RMT were similar to those in CK. In addition, the predicted functions of the soil microbacterial communities in Treatments R and MT were significantly different from those in CK, while those in Treatment RMT were similar to those in CK. 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, in the Fluvo-aquic soil area, although applying woody peat alone can rapidly increase SOM, it may lead to decrease in crop yield temporarily or in a short term, which may be relative to changes in the soil microbial community in composition and function, thus affecting nutrient recycling and transformation. Combined application of straw and woody peat is beneficial to building up of soil fertility, and maintaining the soil microbial community in structure and function.