Of the data of the sites for the four-round soil sampling, and the data gathered during the field survey of the sample sites and published in the statistical yearbook, ordinary kriging, multiple regression and exploratory regression were performed to predict spatial distribution of SOM in the Qiluhu Basin and to analyze its influential factors. Results show that the exponential model outperformed the spherical model in fitting the spatial variation of SOM in 2008 and 2011, while the spherical model behaved better in 2013 and 2015. In all the four time phases, the distribution of SOM showed a saddle-shaped curve, that is, low, high and low in content, going from the southwest to the center and then to the northeast in the area. Moreover, the peak stayed unchanged in position, while expanding in area year by year. During the first three time phases, the area with SOM keeping on increasing was twice as large as the area with SOM decreasing continuously. Soil subclasses, agricultural facilities and soil textures explained 14.3%, 2.6% and 1.3% of the variability of SOM, respectively. The decline in SOM content could be attributed to the increase in the yield of the cereal and vegetable crops. And the practice of properly reducing the application rate of nitrogen fertilizers and increasing that of compound fertilizers helped maintain or even raise the content of SOM in the area.