[Objective] It is very important to know how extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) vary and what are their driving factors in reddish paddy soil under long-term fertilization. The knowledge may serve as a certain theoretical basis for improvement of soil fertility and rational fertilization in the region. To that end, this study was unfolded.[Method] Based on a long-term fertilization field experiment that was started in 1981 and designed to have four treatments, that is (CK, without fertilization), NPK (fertilizer N, P and K), HNPK (double dosage of fertilizer N, P and K), NPKM (NPK fertilizers plus organic manure), soil samples were collected separately in each plot of the treatments after the later rice was harvested in 2017 for analysis of microbial biomass and soil chemical properties. Six soil extracellular enzymes involved in C, N and P cycling, were investigated with the microplate fluorometric assay method. For exploration of the distribution characteristics of soil EEAs and their relationship with soil nutrients and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in the reddish paddy soil, principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were performed.[Result] Results show that long-term fertilization increased soil nutrient content and rice yield. Compared with no fertilization control (CK), treatment NPKM increased soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) significantly or by 60.2% and 60.4%, respectively, and soil AG, BG, NAG and ACP activities by 12.7%, 41.1%, 36.2%, and 50.0%, respectively, but reduced POX activity by 29.7%. The variations of EEAs were closely related to soil nutrient factors, among which soil total nitrogen (TN) and MBC might be the key determinants, accounting for 34.3% and 20.9% of the variation of EEAs, respectively.[Conclusion] It can be seen that the combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic manure is beneficial to improvement of soil fertility, microbial biomass and soil extracellular enzyme activity, and considered as the best fertilization management practice to maintain crop yield and improve soil quality.