Soil fauna is an important component of soil ecosystems, which plays a significant role in the decomposition of biological remains, modification of soil properties, enhancement of material recycling, and energy conversion in soils. Forest fire is a common phenomenon disturbance on the terrestrial ecosystem which destroys the biology diversity above and under the forest floor. Soil fauna is also affected intensively by forest fire although it is often ignored. To understand the effects of Phyllostachys violascens after fire disturbance on soil fauna community characteristics, Phyllostachys violascens with fire disturbance were selected as the research object and Phyllostachys violascens without fire disturbance were used as a reference. Litter bags were used to study the characteristics of the soil fauna from May to November 2016. The litter bags were collected each month and stored in soil fauna sealing black bags, then, soil fauna was separated and collected from the litter bags by the Tullgren method. The results showed that the decomposition process occurred in three stages. The first stage represented the primary decomposition stage, in which the litter mass loss rate was higher. In the second or middle decomposition stage, the litter mass loss rate was slower compared to the first stage. Lastly, in the third stage or final decomposition stage, the litter mass loss rate increased again. Importantly, a total of 824 individuals of soil fauna, belonging to 34 orders were collected. Phytoseiidae, Formicidae, Nematodes, and Isotomidae were the dominant species and accounted for 49.27% of the collected total animals. The rangeability of soil fauna species was lower than the individual number. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the burned plot and reference plot on the soil fauna species during litter decomposition. Also, the Pielou index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Margalef index increased as the decomposition continued while the Simpson index declined. There was a significant relationship between soil individual number, species number, and precipitation respectively. Furthermore, PCoA analysis results showed that fire disturbance was the main factor that affected litter decomposition during the primary stage while cumulative time controlled the final stage. The results of these experiments indicated that litter decomposition was delayed by the forest fire, but the decomposition rate and soil fauna community recovered with time.