[Objective] Microorganisms in the rhizosphere play an important role in the process of plants resistance to soil-borne diseases. This study investigated the characteristics of rhizosphere microbial community and the mechanism of microbial community assembly in disease-conductive soil and disease-suppressive soil in a tomato-cultivated field.[Method] Real-time quantitative PCR was applied to detect the pathogen density in disease-conductive rhizosphere soil and disease-suppressive rhizosphere soil. Also, the distinction of tomato rhizosphere soil microbial community diversity, composition, structure, and assembly processes based on zero model were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicon.[Result] Results show that, compared to disease-conductive soil, there was a significantly lower disease index of tomato bacterial wilt in disease-suppressive soils (disease index in disease-conductive soil and disease-suppressive soil were 47.5 and 22.5, respectively). The rhizosphere bacterial communities in disease-suppressive soils were characterized with higher alpha diversity, more abundant beneficial microorganisms, such as Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacillaceae, and Streptomycetaceae, lower abundance of Ralstonia solanacearum (abundance of pathogenic bacteria decreased by 12.22 times) and accompanied with more stochastic processes. This shows that the adaptability of disease-suppressive soil to pathogenic disease stress was stronger than that of disease-conductive soil. The disease-conductive soil and disease-suppressive soil were mixed in a certain proportion to form three treatments; disease-conductive soil alone (D10H0), a mixture of disease-conductive soil and disease-suppressive soil with a mass ratio of 1︰1 (D5H5), and disease-suppressive soil alone (D0H10) to test the transmitability of inhibition properties of disease-suppressive soil. It was observed that with the increase in the proportion of disease-suppressive soil, the disease index of tomato bacterial wilt gradually decreased (the disease index in D10H0, D5H5, and D0H10 were 41.67, 29.17, and 16.67, respectively). While the diversity of bacterial alpha gradually increases, the abundance of Firmicutes, Streptomyces, and Bacillaceae increase significantly. Also, the dominant role of the stochastic and random processes is strengthened.[Conclusion] Disease stress had a significant effect on the alpha diversity, composition, structure, and community assembly process of the tomato rhizosphere microbial community. The disease-suppressive soil can recruit more beneficial microorganisms through plant roots to resist pathogenic disease stress.