Objective It is a common phenomenon for most of the artificial Chinese Fir Forests (CF) to have continuous cropping obstacles, while the Moso bamboo forest (MB) rarely does. As an important indicator of soil health, soil fertility has a non-negligible effect on microorganisms.Method Our study used high-throughput sequencing to analyze the soil bacterial and fungal communities in three different forest stands.Result The results showed that both the Shannon index and Invsimpson index of soil bacteria and fungi in MB were significantly higher than those of CF and even higher than that of Broadleaf forest (BL); while the Berger-Parker index in CF was significantly higher than that in MB. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Basidiomycotawas in MB were higher than that in BL and CF, while the relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Mortierellomycota in CF were significantly higher than that of MB and BL.Conclusion Combined with the analysis of soil physicochemical properties, it was shown observed that the nutrient content of the studied soils played a very significant role in influencing the microbial community structure, Moreover, MB had a conductive environment for the formation of a good microbial community structure compared to the other soils. It was concluded that the soil bacterial and fungal characteristics and soil physicochemical properties of MB stands were more similar to those of broadleaf than to those of CF.