【Objective】 Some changes in the external environment are often observed after the remediation of heavy metal polluted soils with solidification stabilization technology. Thus, an important scientific question worth discussing is whether the inactivated heavy metals will be released again and migrate in the soil, causing pollution risk, and under what conditions.【Method】 In order to reveal the effects of different chemical factors on the activation and migration of heavy metals in contaminated soil, the desorption and migration behavior of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in soil under different ionic strength, pH and cation types (Ca²⁺, Na⁺) were studied by laboratory soil column experiments. 【Result】 In general, the peak leaching concentration of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ increased with the increase in ionic strength. Using CaCl₂ as a leaching agent, the desorption capacity of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ increased at 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mol·L^–1 CaCl₂, and the desorption capacity of Cd²⁺ was higher than that of Cu²⁺. However, 0.5 mol·L^–1 CaCl₂ inhibited the desorption of Cd²⁺ and the desorption of Cu²⁺ was higher than that of Cd²⁺. When pH decreased, the desorption of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ increased, that is, the acidic environment was conducive for the desorption of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺. However, the concentration peak of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ at pH 3 was smaller than that at pH 4 and 5. Ca²⁺ was more favorable for the desorption of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ than Na⁺, but NaCl solution was more favorable for the desorption of Cu²⁺ at 0.005 mol·L^–1. Also, the concentration of Cu²⁺ in the leaching stage with deionized water was higher than that in the leaching stage with CaCl₂. In addition, soil particles exhaled at 0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 mol·L^–1 NaCl, and the flow rate decreased at 0.05 and 0.5 mol·L^–1 NaCl.【Conclusion】 The increase in ionic strength, decrease in pH and presence of divalent cations were beneficial to the desorption and migration of heavy metals in soil. This study provides a theoretical basis for soil remediation and heavy metal release after soil remediation.