【Objective】The submembrane drip irrigation planting mode has been a major factor in the evolution of physicochemical traits after the reclamation of saline-alkali land in inland arid areas, especially the changes in soil salinity and available nutrient content. 【Method】In this study, the gray desert soil of Xinjiang was studied by continuous localization survey and observation of the sample plot. The sample plots of Manas in Xinjiang were selected for land reclamation in different years in 1996, and four surveys were carried out from 2010 to 2020. The dynamic changes of soil salinity and fertility traits of gray desert soil under the condition of submembrane drip irrigation cotton after reclamation were monitored at fixed points, and the differences of several plots after different planting years were compared.【Result】The main results suggest that the soil salinity in the topsoil (0-20 cm) was significantly reduced after the reclamation from uncultivated land to farmland, and the average salinity of various plots decreased to 3.71 g·kg-1 after 6-10 years of reclamation. The average annual decline rate was 1.41 g·kg-1·a-1, reaching the level of mild salinization, then with the continued reclamation (11-25 years), the soil salinity was maintained between 2.06-2.11 g·kg-1, and reaching the non-salinization level. The soil pH in different reclamation years showed a significant downward trend after reclamation. With continued reclamation (11-25 years), the average soil pH remained between 8.2 and 8.5, which was slightly alkaline. With increasing years of reclamation, the soil available phosphorus (P) increased significantly, after 11-25 years of reclamation and planting, the soil average available P level remained between 13.33, and 19.97 mg·kg-1. This indicates that the variation of soil fertility was different with the different reclamation years. The soil organic matter increased significantly after 6-10 years of reclamation while the soil available potassium slowly decreased after 1-5 years of reclamation but slightly increased after 6-10 years. Also, available potassium increased to the original level after 11-16 years and then remained stable. The content of soil inorganic nitrogen increased significantly after 6-15 years of reclamation and remained stable after 16-25 years.【Conclusion】Our study showed that the process of reclamation and utilization of uncultivated land into farmland had a significant effect on the improvement and cultivation of soil P fertility. The uncultivated land reclamation and utilization effectively reduced soil salinity and pH, and it took 6-10 years to change the good land after uncultivated land reclamation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the control of salt content and the improvement of fertilization and farmland productivity during the reclamation process of inland saline-alkali uncultivated land.