Healthy soil is the foundation for food security, farmland productivity, and high-quality agricultural development. Currently, soil health assessment has globally become the focus and hotspot of the soil science discipline. The selection of soil health assessment methods and indicators has been systematically summarized. However, there is still a lack of practical suggestions for specific evaluation processes. This paper focuses on analyzing the characteristics of soil health and multifunctionality, the general principles of soil health evaluation, the n+X model for selecting indicators, and the selection and implementation of evaluation methods. We propose the soil health gap and benchmark, the selection of basic and restrictive indicators, as well as the adaptability of indicator selection. In addition, the establishment of a soil health indicator system needs to take into account factors such as soil texture, crop type, land use, and climate conditions. The implementation of soil health technology and paradigm needs to be integrated with relevant policies. In the future, it is necessary to further research the driving mechanisms of soil health and the cultivation of healthy soils. Based on long-term experiments and monitoring networks for farmland quality, the soil health indicator system, threshold, database, and decision support system were established depending on soil texture, crop type, land use, management objectives, and evaluation scales. Combined with relevant policies and regional environmental constraints, a consensus, convention, and action across regions and countries should be formed to promote the implementation of global soil health action and sustainable agricultural development.