【Objective】Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is an important functional group of the soil microbial community. The changes in the abundance, composition, and diversity of the PSB community in the rhizosphere can affect soil alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP) activity and phosphorus (P) cycle dynamics. Here, we explored the mechanism of the abundance, composition, and diversity of the PSB community in regulating maize productivity under different organic fertilization treatments.【Method】In this study, we conducted a long-term field experiment with different organic fertilization treatments at the Yingtan National Agroecosystem Field Experiment Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Jiangxi. The field experiment included four treatments: no manure (M0), low manure (M1), high manure (M2), and high manure with lime addition (M3). Illumina sequencing was used to investigate the abundance, composition, and diversity of the PSB community in the rhizosphere.【Result】Different organic fertilization treatments (M1, M2, and M3) significantly increased pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), abundance of PSB, ALP activity, and maize productivity compared to M0 treatment, with the highest values observed under M3 treatment. Organic fertilizer treatments affected the PSB community composition and diversity in the rhizosphere. Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Pseudomonas were the dominant genera in the PSB community under M2 and M3 treatments. Compared with the M0 treatment, the PSB community diversity was significantly increased under the M1 treatment. The abundance and dominant genera of the rhizosphere PSB community were mainly affected by AP. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling revealed that AP and TP indirectly affected maize productivity by increasing the abundance and changing the relative abundance of dominant genera of PSB.【Conclusion】Taken together, this study elucidates the promotion mechanisms of the rhizosphere PSB community on the mineralization of soil organic phosphorus and maize productivity. Our findings provide a scientific basis for establishing better organic fertilization practices and enhancing the fertility and health of red soils.