【Objective】 With the intensification of human activities since the Industrial Revolution, there is a continuous rise in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, which has become the main feature of global climate change. Rice being an important staple crop, it is important to explore its absorption and distribution of phosphorus under a long-term elevated CO₂ environment. 【Method】 In this study, a multigenerational experiment was carried out cultivating Yangdao 6(indica) and Wuyunjing 23(japonica) in the Free Atmospheric CO₂ Enrichment System (FACE) in Changshu, Jiangsu Province. The experiment was carried out under ambient CO₂ and elevated CO₂(increased by 200 μmol·mol^-1) conditions for seven generations, and the differences in phosphorus concentration, phosphorus uptake, and phosphorus distribution between the single-generation and multigenerational rice plants were evaluated. 【Results】 (1) Long-term elevated CO₂ had no significant effect on the phosphorus concentration of multigenerational rice plants in Yangdao 6 and Wuyunjing 23. (2) The long-term elevated CO₂ significantly increased the phosphorus uptake of shoots in single-generation and multigenerational rice plants. However, the average increase in phosphorus uptake of the shoot and panicle of the offspring plant of Yangdao 6 was lower than that of the single-generation plant. On the contrary, the average increase in phosphorus uptake of shoot, straw, and panicle of the offspring plant of Wuyunjing 23 was higher than that of the single-generation plant under elevated CO₂. (3) The average increasing effect of elevated CO₂ on the phosphorus distribution in the straw of Wuyunjing 23 increased significantly with the increase in generations of maternal seeds under elevated CO₂. 【Conclusion】 The results indicate that in the past, based on the single-generation short-term FACE studies, the real effect of long-term elevated CO₂ on phosphorus uptake and distribution in rice plants could not be accurately predicted in the future. Therefore, this study provides guidelines for field-level phosphorus fertilizer management in a future high-CO₂ world.