【Objective】The usage of organic fertilizers in arid zones is limited, which necessitates investigating the most suitable amount required for optimum agricultural productivity, and clarifying the degree of influence on soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, and multifunctionality in oasis farmland when applied in low amounts in combination with chemical fertilizers.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in Hailou Town, Shaya County, Xinjiang from 2021 to 2023. High-throughput sequencing (16S rRNA and endogenous transcribed spacer region) technology was used to determine and analyze the extent of the effects of organic fertilizer application on soil nutrient physicochemical properties, microbial community composition, and diversity, and to explore the response of soil multifunctionality to organic fertilizer dosage. Four treatments were set up: NPK (chemical fertilizer only), NPK + OM3 (3 000 kg?hm-2 cattle manure + chemical fertilizer), NPK + OM6 (6 000 kg?hm-2 cattle manure + chemical fertilizer), and NPK + OM12 (12 000 kg?hm-2 cattle manure + chemical fertilizer).【Result】The results showed that: (1) Application of organic manure significantly increased soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and nitrate nitrogen, and significantly decreased soil pH; (2) NPK + OM6 and NPK + OM12 treatments significantly increased microbial (Chao1 and Shannon index) and fungal (Shannon index) diversities, and significantly changed the community structure; (3) The relative abundance of Blastomonas, Acidobacilli and Glomus increased, but that of Actinomycetes and Campylobacter decreased with the increase in manure application rate; (4) The application of organic fertilizer can change the composition and diversity of bacterial community by changing soil nutrients and pH, thereby improving soil versatility.【Conclusion】Soil nutrients and microbial community composition and diversity increased significantly with the increase of organic manure application. Three years of organic manure application (3 000-6 000 kg?hm-2) could maintain soil multifunctionality at a high level by increasing soil nutrient content and improving microbial community composition and diversity. Considering the limited amount of organic fertilizer and the cost of fertilization, the application of 3 000-6 000 kg?hm-2 organic fertilizer in crop production in oasis farmland can achieve the effect of improving the multi-function of soil.