【Objective】 The application of crop straw to soil is a popular strategy for managing cropland soil. However, the effects of pre-treatment of crop straw on its decomposition and priming effect in soil have received little attention. 【Method】 In this study, the structure, mineralization, and priming effect of pyrolyzed, biodegraded, and raw corn straw in the soil were investigated through an incubation experiment combined with the natural abundance approach. 【Result】 The results showed that the cumulative carbon mineralization of straw materials in soil within 60 days followed the order biodegraded straw (1 945 mg·kg^–1), raw straw (1 576 mg·kg^–1), pyrolyzed straw (27 mg·kg^–1). The priming effect of pyrolyzed and raw straw on the mineralization of native soil organic matter was persistently negative and positive, respectively. Also, the priming effect of biodegraded straw changed from positive in the initial stage of incubation to negative in the latter period of incubation. Both raw and biodegraded straw significantly increased the abundance of fungi and the activities of β-glucosidase and cellulase in soil (P < 0.05), however, pyrolyzed straw did not significantly affect the fungal abundance and the activities of β-glucosidase and cellulase. High-throughput sequencing revealed that biodegraded straw significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria while raw straw significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes (P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】 Because of low mineralization and negative priming effect, pyrolyzed straw showed higher potential than biodegraded and raw straw in the sequestration of soil organic carbon.