【Objective】Clarifying the soil nutrient status of peanut production regions in China is crucial for guiding the scientific fertilization practices in peanut cultivation and promoting high yield and high nutrient use efficiency. 【Method】In 2022, 1 020 soil samples were collected from major peanut production regions in China, and the soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available N (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK) and pH status were evaluated. The variation characteristics of soil nutrients in peanut planting soils were also analyzed by different ridge planting methods, yield levels, soil types and soil textures. 【Result】The results showed that the average SOM, TN and AN contents in the peanut-producing regions were 15.15 g?kg-1, 1.01 g?kg-1 and 104.49 mg?kg-1, respectively. Also, 78.62%, 60.49% and 43.72% of the sampling points for SOM, TN and AN were deficient, mainly concentrated in the Northeast, Northwest, and Huang-Huai-Hai peanut production regions, such as Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, and Xinjiang provinces. The average soil AP content was 39.76 mg?kg-1, with only 13.14% of the sample points in the P deficiency level, mainly distributed in the south and the Yangtze River basin, in areas such as Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. The average soil AK content was 126.71 mg?kg-1 and 38.62% of the sample points were deficient in K and mainly distributed in Hebei and Guangdong province in the Huang-Huai-Hai and southern peanut production regions. In addition, the soil nutrient status was affected by the tillage practices, planting modes, and yield levels, with the soil AN and AP contents in ridge cropping significantly increased by 6.04% and 31.72% compared with those of flat cropping. The result also revealed that SOM, AN, AP, and TN contents in summer peanut were significantly increased by 24.33%, 67.37%, 25.85%, and 14.87% (respectively) compared with those of spring peanut and intercropped peanuts with wheat. The soil pH, AN, and AP contents of high-yield plots were respectively increased by 5.48%, 6.33%, and 26.24% compared with those of low-yield plots. There were also differences in soil nutrient characteristics among different soil types. For instance the SOM content (16.08 g?kg-1) of all soil types was generally low, with the lowest in the wind-sand soil (11.5 g?kg-1) while the soil AN content of the wind-sand soil (79.2 mg?kg-1), brown soil (75.33 mg?kg-1), grey calcareous soil (84.29 mg?kg-1), and tidal soil (84.88 mg?kg-1) was deficient. The AP content (39.43 mg?kg-1) of all soil types was relatively abundant and highest in the lime concretion black soil (70.31 mg?kg-1) whereas AK content was deficient in the latosols (78.78 mg?kg-1). 【Conclusion】There are significant differences in soil nutrients in different peanut-producing regions in China. The deficiencies of SOM, TN, and AN mainly occurred in wind-sand soil, tidal soil and brown soil in the northeast, northwest China, and Huang-Huai-Hai peanut production regions. Also deficiencies in AK mainly occurred in the peanut areas of southern brick-red soil. It was recommend strict control of the input of P fertilizer and increase the application of N and K fertilizers in soils with N and K deficiencies in peanut production regions of China.