【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the occurrence characteristics and ecological risks of manure-based fertilizer estrogens (estradiol [E2], estriol [E3], and bisphenol A [BPA]) in different soil types (yellow-brown soil, brown soil, black soil, and red soil) in China. The research sought to elucidate the influence of soil physicochemical properties on estrogen speciation, degradation, and bioavailability, and to establish a framework for optimizing ecological risk models. 【Method】 Four representative agricultural soils were collected, air-dried, and sieved. Cattle manure containing E2 (356.91 ± 0.27 μg·kg?1), E3 (227.58 ± 1.18 μg·kg?1), and BPA (862.21 ± 0.42 μg·kg?1) was mixed with soils at a 1:10 ratio (manure:soil) and incubated for 0–60 d under controlled conditions. Estrogen speciation (organic solvent-extractable, water-soluble, humic acid-bound, and humin-bound forms) was quantified using sequential extraction and HPLC analysis. Soil properties (pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, etc.) were measured via standardized methods. Ecological risks were evaluated using risk quotients (RQ) based on predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) and estrogen equivalency (EEQ) models. 【Result】 The result revealed that soil type significantly influenced estrogen dynamics. Black soil, with high organic matter (59.73 g·kg?1), exhibited the highest bound-state retention (humic acid-bound BPA: 33.92 μg·kg-1; bound-state total 17β-E2 equivalent: 11.35 μg·kg?1), leading to low short-term risks (E2 RQ = 0.086) but potential long-term risks due to delayed release. In contrast, red soil, with low organic content (8.25 g·kg?1) and acidic pH (5.02), showed elevated extractable state proportion, resulting in high immediate risks (E2 RQ=1.78; BPA RQ=0.73) despite faster degradation (only 6.63%, 6.36% and 1.76% extractable state of E2, E3 and BPA were transferred by day 60 respectively). In both yellow-brown soils and brown soils, the three target estrogens predominantly existed in bound states by day 60 of aging. E2 and E3 underwent significantly more biodegradation than BPA, while environmental risks were primarily contributed by E2 and BPA, presenting medium-to-high risk levels. Correlation analysis revealed extractable state estrogen content was negatively associated with pH and positively linked to organic matter (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 This study highlights the critical role of soil-specific properties in modulating estrogen speciation and ecological risks. High-organic soils favored bound-state retention, delaying risks, while low-organic acidic soils amplified extractable state bioavailability, necessitating urgent mitigation. Current risk models, which prioritize extractable state concentrations, underestimate long-term hazards from bound-state reservoirs. The findings advocate for integrating speciation dynamics and soil heterogeneity into risk analysis to enable precision management of estrogen contamination in agricultural systems. This approach supports the transition from "total concentration control" to "speciation-targeted mitigation" for sustainable soil health and food safety.