Soil pipe erosion is a special erosion process caused by the formation and expansion of underground soil pipes. It makes important contributions to the development process of gully erosion and the gravitational erosion processes, such as landslides and collapse. It mainly affects the runoff-erosion-sediment transport process of the slope and watershed by changing the near-surface soil hydrological conditions. However, due to its concealment and complexity of genesis, related quantification research faces great challenges. Based on the bibliometric analysis method, this paper systematically reviews the development history of soil pipe erosion research and identifies the hot spots and development directions in the field of soil pipe erosion research. Aiming at the current research focus, this paper overviews the dynamic process of soil pipe formation, summarizes the multiple factors affecting soil pipe erosion, and analyzes the dynamic mechanism and harm of soil pipe erosion. In the future, it is necessary to innovate the monitoring methods of soil pipe erosion, clarify the dynamic mechanism of soil pipe erosion, quantify the contributions of key influencing factors, and develop a water erosion prediction model containing the processes of soil pipe erosion. This will provide a scientific basis for soil pipe erosion risk assessment and optimization of governance measures.