Volume 12,Issue 4,1964 Table of Contents
1964, 12(4):373-379.
Abstract:
Three varieties of early rice, namely Dwarf-Nanta, Lo-tsai and 503 were studied for their endurance at various rate of application of ammonium sulphate. Their root characteristics and leaf composition were analysed. Positive correlations have been found between the endurance of rice plants to heavy nitrogen fertilizer and the absorption surface and ration exchangeable capacity of their roots. The order of stability of the three varieties of rice at heavy nitrogen application is Dwarf-Nanta>Lo-tsai>503. Dwarf-Nanta showed a slight increase of silica in leaves with an increased rate of nitrogen supply. On the contrary, the content of silica in leaves decreased with increasing supply of nitrogen in Lo-tsai and 503. Under high nitrogen application, the contents of protein-N and chlorophyll in the leaves of Dwarf-Nanta, presumably due to its strong nitrogen assimilation power, also appeared higher than the other two varieties.
Three varieties of early rice, namely Dwarf-Nanta, Lo-tsai and 503 were studied for their endurance at various rate of application of ammonium sulphate. Their root characteristics and leaf composition were analysed. Positive correlations have been found between the endurance of rice plants to heavy nitrogen fertilizer and the absorption surface and ration exchangeable capacity of their roots. The order of stability of the three varieties of rice at heavy nitrogen application is Dwarf-Nanta>Lo-tsai>503. Dwarf-Nanta showed a slight increase of silica in leaves with an increased rate of nitrogen supply. On the contrary, the content of silica in leaves decreased with increasing supply of nitrogen in Lo-tsai and 503. Under high nitrogen application, the contents of protein-N and chlorophyll in the leaves of Dwarf-Nanta, presumably due to its strong nitrogen assimilation power, also appeared higher than the other two varieties.
1964, 12(4):380-389.
Abstract:
A series of works carried out in the Laboratory of Soil Electro-chemistry of this Institute during the last ten years showed that the quantity factor (amount of the reducing compounds) and the intensity factor (redox potential) are of equal importance in characterizing the oxidation-reduction status of paddy soils in relation to its influences on soil properties and rice growth. The reducing compounds were estimated by potentiometric titration, chemical determination, and polarographic characterization. The redox potential of a given soil is determined primarily by the nature and amount of the organic reducing compounds, which are rather complex in composition and may range in half-wave potential from about 0.22V to 0.71V vs. calomel electrode under water-logged conditions. Owing to the reduction of ferric oxides by the organic reducing compounds, however, ferrous iron appears gradually and at the stage of transformation equilibrium ferrous iron may amount to 70-90% of the total reducing compounds. The ferrous iron exists in forms of free ions in solution, water-soluble chelates, exchangeable ions, chelates associated with the solid phase of the soil, and precipitates as sulfide and hydroxide.
A series of works carried out in the Laboratory of Soil Electro-chemistry of this Institute during the last ten years showed that the quantity factor (amount of the reducing compounds) and the intensity factor (redox potential) are of equal importance in characterizing the oxidation-reduction status of paddy soils in relation to its influences on soil properties and rice growth. The reducing compounds were estimated by potentiometric titration, chemical determination, and polarographic characterization. The redox potential of a given soil is determined primarily by the nature and amount of the organic reducing compounds, which are rather complex in composition and may range in half-wave potential from about 0.22V to 0.71V vs. calomel electrode under water-logged conditions. Owing to the reduction of ferric oxides by the organic reducing compounds, however, ferrous iron appears gradually and at the stage of transformation equilibrium ferrous iron may amount to 70-90% of the total reducing compounds. The ferrous iron exists in forms of free ions in solution, water-soluble chelates, exchangeable ions, chelates associated with the solid phase of the soil, and precipitates as sulfide and hydroxide.
1964, 12(4):390-400.
Abstract:
Red soils derived from quaternary red clay occur on the hilly land of Chuhsien, western Chekiang. The soils have been cultivated for a long time, and their fertility was definitely improved as the cultivation went on. Four samples of these soils of different fertility, varying in accordance with their history of cultivation, were used in this study, and the microbial population, rate of nitrification and cellulose decomposition, and the respiratory capacity of these soils were analysed 4 times annually. The results were summarized as following: 1. The abundance of soil microorganisms increased with the improvement of soil fertility. Among the microbial population, bacteria is the most abundant organism in all soils. The number of bacteria is relatively higher in more fertile soil, while the relative number of fungi is decreased as the cultivation went on. The abundance of aerobic cellulose decomposing organisms, the nitrifying bacteria and aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria are also positively correlated with soil fertility.
Red soils derived from quaternary red clay occur on the hilly land of Chuhsien, western Chekiang. The soils have been cultivated for a long time, and their fertility was definitely improved as the cultivation went on. Four samples of these soils of different fertility, varying in accordance with their history of cultivation, were used in this study, and the microbial population, rate of nitrification and cellulose decomposition, and the respiratory capacity of these soils were analysed 4 times annually. The results were summarized as following: 1. The abundance of soil microorganisms increased with the improvement of soil fertility. Among the microbial population, bacteria is the most abundant organism in all soils. The number of bacteria is relatively higher in more fertile soil, while the relative number of fungi is decreased as the cultivation went on. The abundance of aerobic cellulose decomposing organisms, the nitrifying bacteria and aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria are also positively correlated with soil fertility.
1964, 12(4):401-410.
Abstract:
Shansi province is situated in the eastern part of loessial plateau and characterized by a set of tectonic basins surrounded by mountains and hills. The river siftings in these basins which serve as the main soil forming materials form gentle flat topography. Owing to the variation of textural profiles and other genetical factors, different types of saline soils are formed: 1. The spotty saline soils: The characteristic parent materials in the basins are interbedded layers of light (sandy) and heavy (clay) sediments;variation in micro-relief occurs, as caused by shifting of river courses, and the depth and the degree of mineralization of ground water are frequently variable. As a result, saline soils with various degrees of salinization and salt constitution in spots scattered among the cultivated land of non-salinized lieht meadow soils.
Shansi province is situated in the eastern part of loessial plateau and characterized by a set of tectonic basins surrounded by mountains and hills. The river siftings in these basins which serve as the main soil forming materials form gentle flat topography. Owing to the variation of textural profiles and other genetical factors, different types of saline soils are formed: 1. The spotty saline soils: The characteristic parent materials in the basins are interbedded layers of light (sandy) and heavy (clay) sediments;variation in micro-relief occurs, as caused by shifting of river courses, and the depth and the degree of mineralization of ground water are frequently variable. As a result, saline soils with various degrees of salinization and salt constitution in spots scattered among the cultivated land of non-salinized lieht meadow soils.
1964, 12(4):411-420.
Abstract:
The present article deals with the study of protein (gelatin and casein) adsorption of electodialyzed soil colloids from Chernozem, Drab soil and Red earth, and clay minerals from bentonite, kaolinite and ground mica. The stuctural type of clay minerals affects the amount of adsorption of protein by the order of type 2:1 >type 1:1. The protein adsorption of soil colloids seems also to be related with the composition of clay minerals and the status of exchangeable rations. The less the ration exchange capacity of bentointe, the less will be the adsorption of gelatin. With the same bentonite, the increase of the amount of adsorption of gelatin results in the decrease of exchange capacity.The amount of adsorption of gelatin by bentonite saturated with mono-valent exchangeable rations is greater than that saturated with divalent rations, which in turn is again greater than that saturated with trivalent rations. Alternative treatment of drying and moisting increases significantly the adsorption of gelatin. The protein adsorption of soil colloid is explained by the reaction of ration exchange between the negatively charged clay and the positively charged radicals of the protein micelles. However, the nonpolar adsorption also occurs in the protein adsorption of soil colloids. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that part of the gelatin can be inserted into the (001) spacings of montmorillonite. The decrease of diffraction intensity of clay is due to the formation of hydrophobic aggregates.
The present article deals with the study of protein (gelatin and casein) adsorption of electodialyzed soil colloids from Chernozem, Drab soil and Red earth, and clay minerals from bentonite, kaolinite and ground mica. The stuctural type of clay minerals affects the amount of adsorption of protein by the order of type 2:1 >type 1:1. The protein adsorption of soil colloids seems also to be related with the composition of clay minerals and the status of exchangeable rations. The less the ration exchange capacity of bentointe, the less will be the adsorption of gelatin. With the same bentonite, the increase of the amount of adsorption of gelatin results in the decrease of exchange capacity.The amount of adsorption of gelatin by bentonite saturated with mono-valent exchangeable rations is greater than that saturated with divalent rations, which in turn is again greater than that saturated with trivalent rations. Alternative treatment of drying and moisting increases significantly the adsorption of gelatin. The protein adsorption of soil colloid is explained by the reaction of ration exchange between the negatively charged clay and the positively charged radicals of the protein micelles. However, the nonpolar adsorption also occurs in the protein adsorption of soil colloids. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that part of the gelatin can be inserted into the (001) spacings of montmorillonite. The decrease of diffraction intensity of clay is due to the formation of hydrophobic aggregates.
1964, 12(4):421-431.
Abstract:
На основе исследований георфологии, гидрогеологии, свойств масеринских пород, типов растителъности, дейстия приморских приморстики и закономерностъ распреления приморских засоленных почв в северной частн провинции Цзянсу.
На основе исследований георфологии, гидрогеологии, свойств масеринских пород, типов растителъности, дейстия приморских приморстики и закономерностъ распреления приморских засоленных почв в северной частн провинции Цзянсу.
1964, 12(4):432-441.
Abstract:
Lowland soils derived from marine deposit along the coastal areas of Chukiang Delta are usually salinized due to frequent flood. The present paper gives the composition and seasonal variation of the salt content of the soils. Lowland soils have been subjetted for cultivation after diking. Intensive farming provided with good irrigation and drainage system accelerated the desalinization of the soils. Sugar-cane showed good endurance on saline soils and was planted in rotation with rice.
Lowland soils derived from marine deposit along the coastal areas of Chukiang Delta are usually salinized due to frequent flood. The present paper gives the composition and seasonal variation of the salt content of the soils. Lowland soils have been subjetted for cultivation after diking. Intensive farming provided with good irrigation and drainage system accelerated the desalinization of the soils. Sugar-cane showed good endurance on saline soils and was planted in rotation with rice.
1964, 12(4):442-449.
Abstract:
Субтропические красноземные холмы широко растранены в южной частм Китая, где релъеф силъно расчленен, почвенный покров пестр и сложен.
Субтропические красноземные холмы широко растранены в южной частм Китая, где релъеф силъно расчленен, почвенный покров пестр и сложен.
1964, 12(4):450-460.
Abstract:
1. Азот, поступающий вместе с отработанной водой водой в почву, являесся полезным веществом, а фенол и сернистые соединения-вредными.
1. Азот, поступающий вместе с отработанной водой водой в почву, являесся полезным веществом, а фенол и сернистые соединения-вредными.
