Abstract:There are four kinds of landforms in China, namely, plains, hills, plateaus, and mountains. Mountain is an essential factor in the formation and distribution of zona,soils over a great part of the territory of China. It is a decisive factor in the formation of vertical soil zonalitv of mountainous regions, and the ring-like form soil distribution in intermountainous basins. It is also a factor which facilitates, modifies, and destroy the formation and regularity of horizontal soil zones in plains and hilly regions.The general rule of soil distribution in China is that the horizontal zonality and vertical zona lity are closely interrelated, the one must distinctly affect the other.

Abstract:The distribution and activities of the microorganisms and the dynamic variation of the biochemical processes of the soils under different communities of Pinus koraiensis were studied and revealed the following results: 1. The abundance of microorganisms and the intensiveness of biochemical activities of the litters and soils differed markedly among the three forest types. The general tendency was that both were high in Tilieto-Pinetum, comparatively low in Betuleto-Pinetum,and least in Querceto-Pinetum. 2. The total number of microorganisms, the number of different groups of microorganisms, and the activities of the enzymes of the litters were higher than that of the corresponding soils. 3. The average annual activities of the hydrolytic enzymes in litters under Tilietoinetum,were higher than that of Betrrleto-Pinetum and Querceto-Pinetum, while the total activities of the oxidative enzymes in Tilieto-Pinetum and Betuleto-Pinetum were more intensive than those in the Querceto-Pinetum.

Abstract:"Burn-leaf" rice soils derived from Quaternary clay deposits give a slightly acid reaction of about pH 6.6, and contain many small iron concretions in the surface layer. An abundance of large clods is appeared in soil profile after water-logging. Rice plants grown on these soils usually exhibit a characteristic symptom of phosphorus deficiency of "burn-leaf" and are stunted in growth. It was found that the formation of soil clods has markedly reduced the availability of phosphorus nutrient to plant. Further, the fractionation of soil phosphorus revealed that they are largely occluded by iron oxide. The normal growth of the rice plant can be effectively restored by the application of superphosphate. Proper measures of tilling break down the soil clods and consequently also improve the status of phosphorus nutrient.

Abstract:На Северо-китайской равнине встречается особый тип почв с серовато-белой уплот-ненной коркой,которые местные крестъяне называют "вацзянь".

Abstract:Pot culture and field experiments on the response of the yield of wheat and millet to superphosphate were conducted on the calcareous soils of Kwanchung district, Shensi. Chemical properties of the soils were studied. Results obtained showed that the response of the yield of crops to phosphatic fertilizer was largely affected by the amount of available phosphorus and available nitrogen in soils. Soil pH value, the contents of CaCO₃ and total phosphorus in soils gave no significant correlation to the response of crops to phosphatic fertilizer. It was found that the available phosphorus determined according to Olsen's method gave good correlation to biotic experiments. Increase in the yield of crops by the application of superphosphate was found in soils containing available P₂O₅ less than 10 ppm. Adequate supply of available phosphorus in soils became doubtful when this figure ranged 10 to 20 ppm. No response of crops to superphosphate was observed in soil containing available P₂O₅ over 20 ppm. Available nitrogen, as expressed by the amount of nitrified nitrogen after incubation, also showed good correlation of the response of crop yield and phosphatic fertilizer. In soils having available N/available P₂O₅ ratio over 3, crops gave good response to phosphatic fertilizer. The efficiency of phosphatic fertilizer became uncertain in soils with N/P ratio ranging 1 to 3, and nitrogenous fertilizer seemed to be a limiting factor for crop yield as this ratio dropped below 1.

Abstract:Происхождение и зволюция засоленных почв уезда Фзнцю северной части пров.

Abstract:1. Распространие засоленных почв в орошаемом районе Лохузй бывает следующих типов: по магистральным и распределительным каналам,на участках соприкосновения террас с террасами; по перифериям низзн и берегам рек.

Abstract:The present paper is dealing with genesis and development of the stabilized sand dune soils of the surveyed area. Fixed sand dunes are particularly widespread in the Moyusu Desert region of the Ordos Plateau. They are luxuriantly covered with natural vegetation of psammophyte, such as Artenzisia ordosica and Caragana microphylla Var. tonzentosrz. A great deal of zonal vegetation such as Aster alticus, Pennisetum flaccidum and Lespedeza dahurica occurs as praticipant on the dunes. In addition to the psammpohyte, even Junipenus sabina formation, as scrubs creeping on the dunes, also occupies a considerable area of the dunes. Field observation and laboratory studies show the following genetic properties of the sandy soils. There are few perfect developed profiles, the surface layer has alternatly been modified by wind erosion or sand burying. Although there is no differentiation between the humus horizon and calcium carbonate layer, however, on the well-drained stabilized sand dunes have, more or less, a profile development with A and AB horizons, sometimes, even an incipient development of calcium carbonate horizen. Whereas, looking over the profile of the soils underJuniperus sabina formation one cannot help being struck by the fact that there are A₀₀ and A₀ horizons, underlying the A₀₀ layer lichen and moss are widespread.

Abstract:Альпийские и субальпийские луговые почвы имеют своеобразные почвообрзовательные условия и генетические свойства,однако раньше они были обобщено названы "горными луговыми",авторы считают необходимым перерасматривать их положение вклассификации.