Volume 23,Issue 4,1986 Table of Contents
1986, 23(4):291-298.
Abstract:
Based on the data of 126 typical profiles of sodasaline soils in Song-Nen Plain of Northeast China, numerical classification for soda-saline soils using analytical method of synthetic numerical values was conducted.Different quantitative indexes were proposed for identification of types of salinization of soils and degree of salinization and alkalization the soils.Biological experiment showed that this method for the lower category classification of soda-saline soils are practicable.
Based on the data of 126 typical profiles of sodasaline soils in Song-Nen Plain of Northeast China, numerical classification for soda-saline soils using analytical method of synthetic numerical values was conducted.Different quantitative indexes were proposed for identification of types of salinization of soils and degree of salinization and alkalization the soils.Biological experiment showed that this method for the lower category classification of soda-saline soils are practicable.
1986, 23(4):299-305.
Abstract:
The filtration rate of soils on Loess Plateau is different in varrious regions.In accordance with the steady infilatrition rate of the soils, Loess Plateau is divided into five regions of grade-Ⅰ and four regions of grade-Ⅱ.The regions of the highest filtration rate are located in Ziwuling, Liaoshan, Huanglongshan and the southern sector of Luliangshan Mt.on the central of the Plateau generally covered by secondary broadleaf forests of abores or brushes, the soil surface is commonly covered by a thick layer of litters;with good structure and greater porosity, the soils are the highest in filitritation rate.The regions of higher filtration rate include Hujialing, Dongzhiyuan of Gansu, Yijun, Zhouzhi, Meiaian and Changan of Shaanai, and Yicheng, Quwo of Shangi.
The filtration rate of soils on Loess Plateau is different in varrious regions.In accordance with the steady infilatrition rate of the soils, Loess Plateau is divided into five regions of grade-Ⅰ and four regions of grade-Ⅱ.The regions of the highest filtration rate are located in Ziwuling, Liaoshan, Huanglongshan and the southern sector of Luliangshan Mt.on the central of the Plateau generally covered by secondary broadleaf forests of abores or brushes, the soil surface is commonly covered by a thick layer of litters;with good structure and greater porosity, the soils are the highest in filitritation rate.The regions of higher filtration rate include Hujialing, Dongzhiyuan of Gansu, Yijun, Zhouzhi, Meiaian and Changan of Shaanai, and Yicheng, Quwo of Shangi.
1986, 23(4):306-313.
Abstract:
It is generally considered that tensiometer is only suitable for investigation of water-retention characters in low suction range on irrigated soils.But, it may also be adaptable for studying the dry cultivated (non-irrigated) soils in Northeast China, because in the presence of seasonal frozen layer the moisture content in upper soil layersis higher in early spring.The present paper deals mainly with the resistance of soil matrix in the early stage of soil drought.The soil factors influencing the water-retention characters in low suction range are prmarily the texture, secondly the organic matter.Besides, temperature is one of the most important environmental factors.
It is generally considered that tensiometer is only suitable for investigation of water-retention characters in low suction range on irrigated soils.But, it may also be adaptable for studying the dry cultivated (non-irrigated) soils in Northeast China, because in the presence of seasonal frozen layer the moisture content in upper soil layersis higher in early spring.The present paper deals mainly with the resistance of soil matrix in the early stage of soil drought.The soil factors influencing the water-retention characters in low suction range are prmarily the texture, secondly the organic matter.Besides, temperature is one of the most important environmental factors.
1986, 23(4):314-320.
Abstract:
The paddy soil from Quaternary red clay is generally deficient in P.Owing to phosphate fertilizer having been successively applied for more than 20 years, P is concentrated in topsoil in which the total P is 0.048%, and the available P is 11.6 ppm on the average.It is 1.7 times and 7.5 times higher than those in subsoil, and 2.1 times and 28.4 times higher than those in topsoil of waste soil with scarce vegetation respectively.The distribution of various fractions of P in the paddy soils was closely related with the zonality of main soil group on which the paddy soils were developers.The orpanic P was about 35.4%.The Al-p, Ca-p, Fe-p and O-p were about 5.9%, 30.6%, 28.7% and 34.8% respectively.The organic P and non-occluded P increased after rice season under submerged condition, while they decreased afterwheat season in dry farming.
The paddy soil from Quaternary red clay is generally deficient in P.Owing to phosphate fertilizer having been successively applied for more than 20 years, P is concentrated in topsoil in which the total P is 0.048%, and the available P is 11.6 ppm on the average.It is 1.7 times and 7.5 times higher than those in subsoil, and 2.1 times and 28.4 times higher than those in topsoil of waste soil with scarce vegetation respectively.The distribution of various fractions of P in the paddy soils was closely related with the zonality of main soil group on which the paddy soils were developers.The orpanic P was about 35.4%.The Al-p, Ca-p, Fe-p and O-p were about 5.9%, 30.6%, 28.7% and 34.8% respectively.The organic P and non-occluded P increased after rice season under submerged condition, while they decreased afterwheat season in dry farming.
1986, 23(4):321-329.
Abstract:
Svanbergite, SrAl3PO4SO4(OH)6 is a phosphate mineral resistant to acid, alkaine and fluoride solutions.Results of X-ray diffraction showed ehc mineral was transformed into amorphous substance after caleination at about 700℃.AlPO4 and other substances were formed when ealcined at higher temperature.The results of pot experiment indicated that the phosphate absorbed by wheat form calcined amorphous svanbergite was markedly higher.The effect of calcined amorphous svanbergite on wheat yield was about 85% of superphosphat at the same rate.in calcareous soil.
Svanbergite, SrAl3PO4SO4(OH)6 is a phosphate mineral resistant to acid, alkaine and fluoride solutions.Results of X-ray diffraction showed ehc mineral was transformed into amorphous substance after caleination at about 700℃.AlPO4 and other substances were formed when ealcined at higher temperature.The results of pot experiment indicated that the phosphate absorbed by wheat form calcined amorphous svanbergite was markedly higher.The effect of calcined amorphous svanbergite on wheat yield was about 85% of superphosphat at the same rate.in calcareous soil.
1986, 23(4):330-334.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the distribution and the total and available contents of Fe, Mn, Zn,and Cu in soils of Xinjiang.The content of the total iron in soils of Xinjiang is very high (0.3-5.1%), but with a greater fluctuation of available iron (0.16-504ppm).Some of the soils such as brown desert soil, gray desert soil, relic saline soil, saline soil and rakyric soil are deficient in iron.The content of the total manganese (59-1550 ppm) in soils is moderate,but the content of the available Mn (0.38-41.6ppm) is very low.It has been found that the brown desert soil, gray brown desert soil, gray desert soil,sterozem soil, saline soil and takyric soil in Xinjiang are severely deficient in manganese.The contents of the total Zn (9-216 ppm) and available Zn (0.08-11.84 ppm) in siols are lower.The brown desert soil, gray brown desert soil,sierozem soil, brown soil and saline siol in this region are severely deficient in zinc.The contents of the total Cu (5-145ppm) and available Cu (0.06-19.20 ppm) in soils are higher.Most of the soils in the region are adequate in Cu with the exception of brown desert soil and gray brown desert soil which are mainly distributed in the gravel gobi.
This paper deals with the distribution and the total and available contents of Fe, Mn, Zn,and Cu in soils of Xinjiang.The content of the total iron in soils of Xinjiang is very high (0.3-5.1%), but with a greater fluctuation of available iron (0.16-504ppm).Some of the soils such as brown desert soil, gray desert soil, relic saline soil, saline soil and rakyric soil are deficient in iron.The content of the total manganese (59-1550 ppm) in soils is moderate,but the content of the available Mn (0.38-41.6ppm) is very low.It has been found that the brown desert soil, gray brown desert soil, gray desert soil,sterozem soil, saline soil and takyric soil in Xinjiang are severely deficient in manganese.The contents of the total Zn (9-216 ppm) and available Zn (0.08-11.84 ppm) in siols are lower.The brown desert soil, gray brown desert soil,sierozem soil, brown soil and saline siol in this region are severely deficient in zinc.The contents of the total Cu (5-145ppm) and available Cu (0.06-19.20 ppm) in soils are higher.Most of the soils in the region are adequate in Cu with the exception of brown desert soil and gray brown desert soil which are mainly distributed in the gravel gobi.
1986, 23(4):335-344.
Abstract:
1.Results of analysis of the soils, leaf diagnosis of citrus and field experiment of the citrus orchards in Guangxi showed that soils developed from old diluvium, sandy shales, red sandstones, fluvial deposits and limestone talus wide-spread in this district were geneally poor in mace elements Zn, B and Mo.2.The contents of available Mo, Zn, Co, Mn, K, Ca and Mg in soils were positively correlated with those in citrus leaves.Zn deficiency symptom was found clearly incitrus leaves,while available Zn was less than 0.50 ppm in soils and less than 15 ppm in citrus leaves.3.Reasonable application of micronutrients (B, Zn, Mo) was conducive both to increase the yield and improve the fruit quality of citrus.
1.Results of analysis of the soils, leaf diagnosis of citrus and field experiment of the citrus orchards in Guangxi showed that soils developed from old diluvium, sandy shales, red sandstones, fluvial deposits and limestone talus wide-spread in this district were geneally poor in mace elements Zn, B and Mo.2.The contents of available Mo, Zn, Co, Mn, K, Ca and Mg in soils were positively correlated with those in citrus leaves.Zn deficiency symptom was found clearly incitrus leaves,while available Zn was less than 0.50 ppm in soils and less than 15 ppm in citrus leaves.3.Reasonable application of micronutrients (B, Zn, Mo) was conducive both to increase the yield and improve the fruit quality of citrus.
1986, 23(4):345-353.
Abstract:
Based on investigation of development and balance of farmland ecosystem in alluvial plain of Xuzhou and Huaiyin region, it has been proved that water regulation and management is one of the key measures to control drought, waterlogging, salinization and alkalization of soil and promote agriculture production.But it is obviously that irrigation should be combined with drainage during the processes of regulation and management of water.The ecosystem will be not improved if attention is only paid on irrigation without drainage.Recently, though grain yield of this region stilt increases, conversion efficiency between matter and energy has been decreased markedly.
Based on investigation of development and balance of farmland ecosystem in alluvial plain of Xuzhou and Huaiyin region, it has been proved that water regulation and management is one of the key measures to control drought, waterlogging, salinization and alkalization of soil and promote agriculture production.But it is obviously that irrigation should be combined with drainage during the processes of regulation and management of water.The ecosystem will be not improved if attention is only paid on irrigation without drainage.Recently, though grain yield of this region stilt increases, conversion efficiency between matter and energy has been decreased markedly.
1986, 23(4):354-367.
Abstract:
In two representive sites selected from the plains and polders area in Taihu Region, the physical,chemical and mineralogical properties of soils were studied.Results obtained showed that the polder soil association was deeply influenced by anthropogenic horizon and the structure of soil mantle tended to be uniform; the soil association of the plain was greatly influenced by human activity of cultivation, the properties of the soils tended to be varied.
In two representive sites selected from the plains and polders area in Taihu Region, the physical,chemical and mineralogical properties of soils were studied.Results obtained showed that the polder soil association was deeply influenced by anthropogenic horizon and the structure of soil mantle tended to be uniform; the soil association of the plain was greatly influenced by human activity of cultivation, the properties of the soils tended to be varied.
1986, 23(4):368-374.
Abstract:
On the basis of the field survey of the soils on the mountain lands including mts.Lushan,Huangshan, Tianmushan and blaanshan, in the border areas Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi, the physical and chemical properties of representative profiles of the mountain soils in the areas were studied.Results obtained showed that the genetic characters of the mountain soils differed from those of the yellow brown earth distributed in the horizontal belt of the northern subtropical zone.It is suggested chat these soils should be distinguished into the soil group of yellow earth under the allitic soil order and the criteria for the classification of these soils are proposed.
On the basis of the field survey of the soils on the mountain lands including mts.Lushan,Huangshan, Tianmushan and blaanshan, in the border areas Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi, the physical and chemical properties of representative profiles of the mountain soils in the areas were studied.Results obtained showed that the genetic characters of the mountain soils differed from those of the yellow brown earth distributed in the horizontal belt of the northern subtropical zone.It is suggested chat these soils should be distinguished into the soil group of yellow earth under the allitic soil order and the criteria for the classification of these soils are proposed.
1986, 23(4):375-381.
Abstract:
Simulation of movement and degradation of acaricide NC13292 in a clay-loamy soil was condcuted with the CALF model in comparison with the measurements in the field.when only using the adsorption coefficient, the migretion rate of the acaricid of the simulation.vas greater than that of measurements after a period.It implies that the movement of a chemical in soil could be two process.One is a partitioning process of a chemical between solid phase and water phase, which dominates the movement of a chemical in soil.The other is a diffusion process, which is significant only in a granular structured or clay soil, particular for polar compounds.When the empirical diffusion rate constant (0.0125/day) was used, the simulated movement of NC13292 in the soil is quite well close to the measurement in the field.
Simulation of movement and degradation of acaricide NC13292 in a clay-loamy soil was condcuted with the CALF model in comparison with the measurements in the field.when only using the adsorption coefficient, the migretion rate of the acaricid of the simulation.vas greater than that of measurements after a period.It implies that the movement of a chemical in soil could be two process.One is a partitioning process of a chemical between solid phase and water phase, which dominates the movement of a chemical in soil.The other is a diffusion process, which is significant only in a granular structured or clay soil, particular for polar compounds.When the empirical diffusion rate constant (0.0125/day) was used, the simulated movement of NC13292 in the soil is quite well close to the measurement in the field.
1986, 23(4):382-387.
Abstract:
The distribution of some elements in soil of Hainan Island was studied with method of factor analysis based on the analytical data of the samples collected from the area.The contents of Co, Ni, Cd, Li, Cu, Cr, Mn and Pb were determined by AAS, those of Fe, Zn, Sr, and by XRF, those of As by Ag-DDTC spectrophotornetry and that of Hg by cold vapour atomic absorption method.The data from Q mode analysis showed that the soil samples were distinguished into two main types, i.e.that with higher contents of Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn and that with lower contents of these elements.While the data from R mode analysis showed that the soil samples were distinguished into several types including that with higher contents of the elements of iron family and those with higher contents of Sr, Zr, etc.
The distribution of some elements in soil of Hainan Island was studied with method of factor analysis based on the analytical data of the samples collected from the area.The contents of Co, Ni, Cd, Li, Cu, Cr, Mn and Pb were determined by AAS, those of Fe, Zn, Sr, and by XRF, those of As by Ag-DDTC spectrophotornetry and that of Hg by cold vapour atomic absorption method.The data from Q mode analysis showed that the soil samples were distinguished into two main types, i.e.that with higher contents of Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn and that with lower contents of these elements.While the data from R mode analysis showed that the soil samples were distinguished into several types including that with higher contents of the elements of iron family and those with higher contents of Sr, Zr, etc.
